ArticleBioelectronic medicine2025
Focal control of non-invasive deep brain stimulation using multipolar temporal interference.
Article in Bioelectronic medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- [Progresses on temporal interference electromagnetic stimulation for non-invasive deep brain function modulation].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025Pooled it
- Hotspots and trends in acupuncture combined with non-invasive neuromodulation technology in the past 20 years: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Advances in the application of temporal interference stimulation: a scoping review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Personalized high-intensity temporal interference stimulation decouples cerebellar networks to enhance implicit learning.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Mapping the Global Trajectory and Key Trends of Temporal Interference Stimulation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- On the feasibility of temporal interference stimulation of human brains using two arrays of electrodes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ventral striatum temporal interference brain stimulation enhances the reward positivity event-related potential and reduces anxiety.Research square · 2026Article
- Mapping and modulating brain dynamics in aging and neurodegeneration with electroencephalography and integrated neurotechnologies in primates.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Thalamic transcranial electrical stimulation with temporal interference enhances sleep spindle activity during a daytime nap.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation: A Brief Review of Architectures, Circuits, and Application Challenges.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Temporal interference stimulation of peripheral nerves induces functionally diverse limb movements revealed by automated pose estimation and unsupervised behavioral analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Miniaturized Wireless tDCS With Concentric Electrodes for Targeted Cortical Stimulation in Freely Moving Mice.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- TI-Toolbox: An Open-Source Software for Temporal Interference Stimulation Research.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Human Applications of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation: A Systematic Review.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Brain stimulation preferentially influences long-range projections.Science advances · 2025Article
- Virtual brain twins for stimulation in epilepsy.Nature computational science · 2025Article
- Novel NIBS in psychiatry: Unveiling TUS and TI for research and treatment.Brain and neuroscience advancesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Temporal interference (TI) is a method of non-invasive brain stimulation using transcutaneous electrodes which allows the targeting and modulation of deeper brain structures, not normally associated with non-invasive simulation, while avoiding unwanted stimulation of shallower cortical structures. The properties of TI have been previously demonstrated, however, the problem of decoupling stimulation focality from stimulation intensity has not yet been well addressed. In this paper, we provide a possible novel solution, multipolar TI (mTI), which allows increased independent control over both the size of the stimulated region and the stimulation intensity. The mTI method uses multiple carrier frequencies to create multiple overlapping amplitude-modulated envelopes, rather than using one envelope as in standard TI. The study presents an explanation of the concept of mTI along with experimental data gathered from Rhesus macaques and mice. We improved the focality at depth in anesthetized mice and monkeys, and using the new focality in awake monkeys, evoked targeted activity at depth in the superior colliculus. The mTI method could be an interesting and potentially useful new tool alongside other forms of non-invasive brain stimulation. Teaser Multipolar Temporal Interference Stimulation can produce a more focal brain stimulation at depth compared to Temporal Interference.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.