Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40140167›Full record

ArticleBiological trace element research2025

Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals and Minerals in Dairy and Plant-Based Milk Alternatives Available in Pakistan's Markets.

Aiman Usman, Sadaf Yaqoob, Hamza Shafiq, Mamoona Amir, Muhammad Riaz, Kousar Parveen, Usama Usman

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biological trace element research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Aiman UsmanDepartment of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Sadaf YaqoobDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Hamza ShafiqDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Mamoona AmirDepartment of Animal Food Products Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan. mamoonaameer@bzu.edu.pk.
Muhammad RiazDepartment of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Kousar ParveenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, The Women University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
Usama UsmanNishtar Medical University, Multan, 60300, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluated heavy metals and minerals concentrations in dairy and plant-based milk alternatives available in Pakistan using ICP-MS. A total of 324 raw milk samples (cow, buffalo, goat, sheep, camel), 48 heat-treated samples (UHT, pasteurized, powdered), and 21 plant-based milk (coconut, almond, soy, oat, rice, walnut, cashew) were analyzed. Results showed significant differences in heavy metal levels across milk types. Chromium was the most common heavy metal in raw milk, especially in buffalo milk (0.16 mg L

Indexed as

Food ContaminationMetals, HeavyMilkMilk SubstitutesMineralsAnimalsBuffaloesCattleGoatsPakistanSheepMetals, HeavyMinerals

Identifiers

PMID40140167

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.