Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40139988›Full record

ArticleNursing open2025

Understanding the Relationships Between Fear of COVID-19, Depression, Loneliness, and Life Satisfaction in Türkiye: Testing Mediation and Moderation Effects.

Orhan Koçak, Murat Yıldırım, Orçun Muhammet Şimşek, Orhan Çevik

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nursing open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Orhan KoçakFaculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-0281-8805
Murat YıldırımDepartment of Psychology, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Ağrı, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0003-1089-1380
Orçun Muhammet ŞimşekDepartment of Social Work, Istanbul Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0001-8028-3394
Orhan ÇevikInstitute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-1519-4376

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThis study examined the mediating roles of depression and various dimensions of loneliness (family, social, and romantic) in the associations between COVID-19 fear and satisfaction with life. Additionally, the research investigated how the economic impact of COVID-19, family income, gender, and marital status may moderate these associations.

designA cross-sectional descriptive design.

methodsAn online survey was conducted in Türkiye. 1702 participants completed self-report measures assessing COVID-19 fear, depression, social, emotional, and romantic loneliness, and satisfaction with life.

resultsThe findings revealed positive associations between COVID-19 fear and depression, along with negative relationships between COVID-19 fear and family, social, and romantic loneliness. Depression was identified as a mediator in the relationship between COVID-19 fear and the different components of loneliness. These loneliness components, in turn, influenced life satisfaction. Furthermore, the study found significant moderation effects related to the economic impact of COVID-19 restrictions, family income, marital status, and gender.

conclusionsThis study provides evidence about the psychological mechanisms linking COVID-19 fear to life satisfaction. It highlights the mediating role of depression and the moderating effects of demographic and economic factors. The findings emphasise the need for targeted mental health interventions, particularly addressing the varied impact of COVID-19 fear across different social and economic groups. This evidence can inform strategies aimed at improving life satisfaction during periods of social and economic disruption. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study has no direct patient involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting. However, it contributes to public health by providing evidence about the psychological impacts of COVID-19, which may inform future interventions and mental health support strategies.

Indexed as

COVID-19DepressionFearLonelinessPersonal SatisfactionAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesTurkeyYoung Adultdepressionfear of COVID‐19lonelinesssatisfaction with lifeTurkish youth

Identifiers

PMID40139988
PMCPMC11946543

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.