Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40139023›Full record

ArticleThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2025

Association of iodized salt intake with the risk of physical frailty in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Jiang Li, Jie Li, Ying Sun, Yanqi Fu, Wenqi Shen, Lingli Cai, Fei Xu, Ling Gao, Ningjian Wang, Bin Wang and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jiang LiInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China.
Jie LiInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China.
Ying SunInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China.
Yanqi FuInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China.
Wenqi ShenInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China.
Lingli CaiInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China.
Fei XuiHuman Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 200011 Shanghai, China.
Ling GaoDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Ningjian WangInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China.
Bin WangInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China. Electronic address: binwang1126@163.com.
Yingli LuInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China. Electronic address: luyingli2008@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe aimed to investigate the association of the status of iodized salt in terms of consumption of salt type and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in diabetes, with frailty and examine whether this association could be modified by thyroid function.

designA population-based cohort study. SETTING AND

participantsWe included 850 patients with type 2 diabetes from 11 communities in Shanghai, who completed five-year follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: The type of salt consumed was collected through a standardized questionnaire and UIC was measured by an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. Frailty was assessed by frailty phenotype. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured by electrochemiluminescence. Modified Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for frailty in relation to iodized salt consumption and UIC.

resultsIn this five-year follow-up study in patients with diabetes, 111 (12.9%) patients progressed to frailty. Patients who consumed non-iodized salt (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18) had an increased risk of frailty, compared to patients who consumed iodized salt. Lower UIC was associated with a higher risk of frailty (1.10, 1.01-1.19). In patients with high TSH and low FT4, the RRs of frailty were 1.20 (1.08-1.34) and 1.15 (1.02-1.29) for non-iodized salt, and 1.14 (1.02-1.28) and 1.12 (0.99-1.27) for low UIC.

conclusionsNon-iodized salt consumed and low UIC were associated with an increased risk of frailty in diabetes, particularly in those with high TSH and low FT4. Maintaining adequate iodine intake is critically important for preventing frailty in diabetes, especially for individuals with potential thyroid dysfunction.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2FrailtyIodineSodium Chloride, DietaryAgedChinaCohort StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesThyrotropinThyroxineIodineiodized saltSodium Chloride, DietaryThyrotropinThyroxineFrailtyIodine nutritionThyroid functionType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40139023
PMCPMC12172993

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.