Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40138661›Full record

ArticleNano letters2025

Force Generation by Enhanced Diffusion in Enzyme-Loaded Vesicles.

Eike Eberhard, Ludwig Burger, César L Pastrana, Hamid Seyed-Allaei, Giovanni Giunta, Ulrich Gerland

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nano letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Eike EberhardPhysics of Complex Biosystems, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.ORCID 0009-0006-1398-6034
Ludwig BurgerPhysics of Complex Biosystems, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.ORCID 0009-0000-0699-6302
César L PastranaPhysics of Complex Biosystems, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6988-8146
Hamid Seyed-AllaeiPhysics of Complex Biosystems, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
Giovanni GiuntaPhysics of Complex Biosystems, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7557-5026
Ulrich GerlandPhysics of Complex Biosystems, Department of Bioscience, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0859-6422

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The diffusion coefficient of some metabolic enzymes increases with the concentration of their cognate substrate, a phenomenon known as enhanced diffusion. In the presence of substrate gradients, enhanced diffusion induces enzymatic drift, resulting in a nonhomogeneous enzyme distribution. Here, we study the effects of enhanced diffusion on enzyme-loaded vesicles placed in external substrate gradients using a combination of computer simulations and analytical modeling. We observe that the spatially inhomogeneous enzyme profiles generated by enhanced diffusion result in a pressure gradient across the vesicle, which leads to macroscopically observable effects, namely deformation and self-propulsion of the vesicle. Our analytical model allows us to characterize the dependence of the velocity of propulsion on experimentally tunable parameters. The effects predicted by our work provide an avenue for further validation of enhanced diffusion, and might be leveraged for the design of novel synthetic cargo transporters, such as targeted drug delivery systems.

Indexed as

EnzymesComputer SimulationDiffusionEnzymeschemotactic motionenhanced diffusionenzymesmicroswimmerself-propelled particlesvesicles

Identifiers

PMID40138661
PMCPMC11987064

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.