ArticlePloS one2025
Relationship between tear film stability, dry eye symptoms, and night driving vision among Malaysian adults.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background Dry eye disease, a prevalent condition globally, affects the quality of the tear film and, subsequently, vision, especially during visually demanding tasks like driving at night. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between tear film stability, dry eye symptoms, and self-reported difficulties in night driving among Malaysian adults.
methodsNinety participants aged 18-40 years with at least one year of night driving experience were recruited. Tear film stability was assessed using non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), while dry eye symptoms were measured with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Night driving vision difficulties were evaluated using the Vision and Night Driving Questionnaire (VND-Q).
resultsParticipants with shorter NIBUT (mean = 3.95 ± 1.32 s; median = 3.97 s, IQR: 2.87-5.03 s) reported significantly greater difficulties in night driving compared to those with normal NIBUT (mean = 9.80 ± 3.86 s; median = 8.23 s, IQR: 6.90-11.70 s) (p < 0.001). Similarly, participants with severe dry eye symptoms had higher VND-Q scores (mean rank = 76.75) compared to those with asymptomatic to moderate symptoms (mean rank = 35.68-44.03) (p < 0.001). Spearman's correlation showed moderate negative associations between NIBUT (r = -0.327), OSDI (r = -0.538), and VND-Q scores. However, there was no significant correlation between NIBUT and OSDI score. Multiple regression analysis revealed that both NIBUT and OSDI significantly predicted the VND-Q score, explaining 43.2% of the variance (p < 0.001).
conclusionsThe findings suggest that poor tear film stability and severe dry eye symptoms contribute to night driving difficulties. Future studies should explore interventions aimed at improving tear film stability and dry eye symptoms to enhance driving safety at night.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.