ArticlePloS one2025
Association of membership in a farmer producer organization with crop diversity, household income, diet diversity, and women's empowerment in Uttar Pradesh, India.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTo date, the impact of farmer producer organizations (FPOs) in India is under-explored in the empirical literature. The primary objective of this study was to test whether agricultural households with FPO members in Uttar Pradesh, India have greater crop diversity and higher income, and whether adults in those households have greater diet diversity and women are more empowered.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2023 with two groups of agricultural households, those: (1) with an FPO member (n = 417 households, 414 men and 412 women) and (2) without an FPO member (n = 402, 395 men and 388 women). Diet diversity was measured at the individual level using the FAO minimum diet diversity (MDD) score. Women's empowerment was measured using a modified version of the Abbreviated Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (A-WEAI) score. The association between FPO membership and crop diversity, household income, MDD, and A-WEAI was estimated using separate regressions, adjusted for educational attainment, caste, farm size, and, for household income, number of household members.
resultsFPO households had slightly greater crop diversity than non-FPO households (mean of 4 crops versus 3.5 crops, respectively). FPO households were more likely to have an income from cultivation and livestock than non-FPO households. Hence, FPO households had higher total annual household income than non-FPO households. Adults in FPO households were more likely to have diverse diets. However, they also had greater consumption of unhealthy foods. There was not a significant difference in women's empowerment between FPO and non-FPO women.
conclusionThese findings suggest that FPOs are a potentially effective strategy for improving farmers' incomes, and that this has mixed effects on the healthfulness of household diets. This information can be used to inform evidence-based policies to provide dedicated support for promotion of FPOs and for improved convergence between rural development, agriculture, and nutrition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.