ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2025
Effects of Expanding Direct-to-Consumer Alcohol Home Delivery Policies: Evidence From 18 States of Increases in Alcohol Use and Consequences.
Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Using Mandatory Sales Reports to Monitor Same-Day Alcohol Delivery Trends in New South Wales.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Effects of direct-to-consumer alcohol home delivery policies on alcohol-related online searches in the United States from 2019 to 2023: A Google Trends study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAfter the COVID-19 pandemic onset, several U.S. states passed legislation to begin or expand direct-to-consumer (DTC) alcohol home delivery. We examined changes in DTC use and associations between DTC use, drinking patterns, and negative consequences by different DTC policies.
methodWe conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective survey of 5,360 U.S. adults who consumed alcohol (ages 21-62 years), using an online Qualtrics survey panel. Participants were recruited from 18 states representing four DTC policy groupings pertaining to on- and off-premises outlets (no DTC, no change in existing DTC policy, new DTC policy, expanded DTC policy). DTC use and drinking patterns (average drinks/week, binge drinking days/month) were self-reported for four pandemic-related periods at pre- (2019-February 2020), early (March-May 2020), mid- (June 2020-March 2021), and late pandemic (April 2021-October 2023). Participants self-reported the total number of negative drinking consequences (out of 17) they experienced during the entire pandemic. Multivariate regressions examined time and policy group predicting DTC use, time and DTC use predicting drinking patterns, and DTC use and drinks/week predicting negative consequences.
resultsCompared to adults in states with no delivery, odds of DTC use were highest among adults in states that expanded DTC policies (odds ratio [OR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.78, 2.50]). DTC use was associated with consuming approximately 4.43 (
conclusionsOur findings suggest that expanding DTC delivery policies increased alcohol accessibility, and DTC use was associated with increases in excessive alcohol use and consequences. Such data can inform future decisions about states' DTC alcohol policies.
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