Observational studyToxins2025
Long-Term Improvement of Gait Kinematics in Young Children with Cerebral Palsy Treated with Botulinum Toxin Injections and Integrated/Intensive Rehabilitation: A 5-Year Retrospective Observational Study.
Observational study in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Observational
- Associations Between Maximal Passive Knee Extension and Sagittal Plane Kinematic Patterns in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Dual Quaternion-Based Forward and Inverse Kinematics for Two-Dimensional Gait Analysis.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPatients with cerebral palsy (CP) present mobility limitations that alter their activity and participation in social life. This study aimed to assess changes in gait kinematic measurements using the Observational Gait Scale (OGS) and preselected parameters related to the foot, knee, and hip in children with CP who received repeated BoNT-A injections within a rehabilitation treatment over a five-year follow-up period. MATERIAL AND
methodsThis single-center retrospective observational study included 200 consecutive children with bilateral CP (GMFCS I-IV). The five-year follow-up period was analyzed. Patients received between 5 and 10 BoNT-A treatments (mean 7.6 ± 2.3), with total doses per session varying from 20 units/kg to 30 units/kg for ABOBoNT-A and from 10 units/kg to 20 units/kg for OnaBoNT-A. In most cases, multilevel injections were performed, including in the hip flexors and adductors, knee flexors, and foot plantar flexors.
resultsThe mean age of the patients at the beginning was 32.23 months (±6.96). The OGS score improved in 74.5% and 76.5% of the patients, and deterioration occurred in 8.5% and 7% of patients for the right and left lower extremities, respectively. The changes in the OGS typically ranged from 1 to 4 points. Significant improvements in the knee position at midstance, initial foot contact, foot contact at midstance, timing of heel rise, and knee and hip positions at terminal stance were observed.
conclusionsThe data from our retrospective observational study show a significant, long-term, positive effect of integrated treatment on gait kinematics in patients with CP in a homogenous group of young children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.
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