ArticleToxins2025
Can Botulinum Toxin Type E Serve as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Managing Chronic Orofacial Pain?
Article in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Botulinum toxin type E alleviates trigeminal neuropathic pain via modulation of the HIF-1α-NLRP3 pathway.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Introduction toToxins · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The existing literature offers limited experimental evidence on the role of botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT-E) in pain transmission. The present study investigated the antinociceptive effects of subcutaneously administered BoNT-E in chronic orofacial pain conditions. This study used orofacial formalin-induced pronociceptive behavior and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced thermal hyperalgesia as inflammatory pain models in male Sprague Dawley rats. A neuropathic pain model was also developed by causing an injury to the inferior alveolar nerve. Subcutaneously administered BoNT-E (6, 10 units/kg) significantly reduced nociceptive behavior during the second phase of the formalin test compared to that of the vehicle treatment. These doses similarly alleviated thermal hypersensitivity in the CFA-treated rats. Moreover, BoNT-E (6, 10 units/kg) markedly attenuated mechanical allodynia in rats with an inferior alveolar nerve injury. At a dose of 10 units/kg, BoNT-E produced antinociceptive effects that became evident 8 h post-injection and persisted for 48 h. Notably, BoNT-E (10 units/kg) significantly reduced the number of
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