Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40137752›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025

The Role of Ruminants as Sentinel Animals in the Circulation of the West Nile Virus in Tunisia.

Ahmed Ouni, Hajer Aounallah, Wafa Kammoun Rebai, Francisco Llorente, Walid Chendoul, Walid Hammami, Adel Rhim, Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero, Elisa Pérez-Ramírez, Ali Bouattour and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ahmed OuniLaboratoire des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.ORCID 0000-0002-9011-6108
Hajer AounallahLaboratoire des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.ORCID 0000-0003-2305-4223
Wafa Kammoun RebaiMedical Research Direction, Ministry of Health, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.ORCID 0000-0002-2872-7282
Francisco LlorenteCentro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1566-0266
Walid ChendoulCirconscription of Animal Production of Ben Guerdane, Médenine 4160, Tunisia.
Walid HammamiLaboratoire des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
Adel RhimLaboratoire des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
Miguel Ángel Jiménez-ClaveroCentro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2125-9743
Elisa Pérez-RamírezCentro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain.
Ali BouattourLaboratoire des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
Youmna M'GhirbiLaboratoire des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.ORCID 0000-0002-0048-4709

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia the EVARBO project-Algerian-Tunisian Joint Laboratory of Scientific Excellence LABEX-TA 2019the Laboratory of Viruses, Vectors, and Hosts, LR20IPT02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Outbreaks of the West Nile Virus (WNV) have increased significantly in recent years in the Mediterranean region, including Tunisia. To understand the risks for animal and human health and to mitigate the impact of future outbreaks, comprehensive viral surveillance in vertebrate hosts and vectors is needed. We conducted the first serosurvey for the WNV in ruminants in southern Tunisia using the ELISA test and confirmed it with the micro-virus neutralization test (VNT). Antibodies were detected by the ELISA test in camels (38/112), sheep (9/155), and goats (7/58), and six samples were doubtful (five camels and one sheep). The ELISA positive and doubtful sera (

Indexed as

RuminantsSentinel SpeciesWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusAnimalsAntibodies, ViralCamelusDisease OutbreaksEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayGoatsNeutralization TestsSentinel SurveillanceSeroepidemiologic StudiesSheepTunisiaAntibodies, ViralcELISART-qPCRruminantsserosurveysouthern TunisiaVNTWest Nile Virus

Identifiers

PMID40137752
PMCPMC11944776

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.