Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40137700›Full record

Observational studyPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant and Non-Multidrug-Resistant Isolates.

Georgios Schinas, Rafail Koros, Ioannis Ntalakouras, Skevos Sideris, Angelos Perperis, Georgios Leventopoulos, Periklis Davlouros, Karolina Akinosoglou

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Georgios SchinasSchool of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-7963-1865
Rafail KorosDivision of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-6890-5127
Ioannis NtalakourasDepartment of Cardiology, Ippokrateio General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Skevos SiderisDepartment of Cardiology, Ippokrateio General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Angelos PerperisDivision of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2290-3940
Georgios LeventopoulosSchool of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3982-5101
Periklis DavlourosSchool of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece.
Karolina AkinosoglouSchool of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-4289-9494

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria are uncommon but potentially life-threatening. This study examined patients with Gram-negative CIED infections, investigating the clinical characteristics of patients harboring multidrug-resistant (MDR), versus non-MDR, isolates. A retrospective observational analysis was conducted at two tertiary Greek University Hospitals from 2015 to 2020. Patients were identified through microbiological cultures from device-related sites (pocket, lead, generator), with infections classified as MDR or non-MDR based on antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Comprehensive data were collected, including demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, procedural details-on both the last device procedure and subsequent extraction procedure-infection-related findings, and microbiological profiles. In total, 18 patients were identified, with an equal distribution of 9 MDR and 9 non-MDR cases. The study population had a median age of 78 years, with 33.3% female patients, and a median Charlson Comorbidity Index of four.

Indexed as

Defibrillators, ImplantableDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsPacemaker, ArtificialProsthesis-Related InfectionsAgedAged, 80 and overAnti-Bacterial AgentsFemaleGreeceHumansMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesAnti-Bacterial Agentsantimicrobial resistancecardiac implantable electronic devicescardiac rhythm management devicesdevice extractiondevice-related infectionsgram-negative bacterial infectionsmultidrug-resistant pathogens

Identifiers

PMID40137700
PMCPMC11944461

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.