ArticleToxics2025
Progestin Pollution in Surface Waters of a Major Southwestern European Estuary: The Douro River Estuary (Iberian Peninsula).
Article in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
The concentrations and spreading of eight synthetic and two natural progestins (PGs) were investigated in surface waters from ten sites at the Douro River Estuary. Samples were filtrated and subjected to solid-phase extraction (SPE) to isolate and concentrate the target PGs. The extracts were cleaned by silica cartridges and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The finding of biologically relevant amounts of gonanes (22.3 ± 2.7 ng/L), progesterone derivatives (12.2 ± 0.5 ng/L), drospirenone (4.1 ± 0.8 ng/L), and natural PGs (9.4 ± 0.9 ng/L) support the possibility of these compounds acting as endocrine disruptors. Despite the absence of significant differences amongst sampling sites and seasons, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) approaches reveal that spring and summer have different patterns of PG distribution compared to autumn and winter. The assessment of risk coefficients (
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