Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40136897›Full record

ReviewGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025

3D-Printed Hydrogels from Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications: Conventional Fabrication Methods, Current Developments, Advantages, and Challenges.

Berk Uysal, Ujith S K Madduma-Bandarage, Hasani G Jayasinghe, Sundar Madihally

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Berk UysalSchool of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Ujith S K Madduma-BandarageDepartment of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Lopez Hall 221, Socorro, NM 87801, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-8517-367X
Hasani G JayasingheMathematics, Physical and Natural Sciences Division, University of New Mexico-Gallup, 705 Gurley Ave., Gallup, NM 87301, USA.
Sundar MadihallySchool of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7498-5760

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hydrogels are network polymers with high water-bearing capacity resembling the extracellular matrix. Recently, many studies have focused on synthesizing hydrogels from natural sources as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, and readily available. However, the structural complexities of biological tissues and organs limit the use of hydrogels fabricated with conventional methods. Since 3D printing can overcome this barrier, more interest has been drawn toward the 3D printing of hydrogels. This review discusses the structure of hydrogels and their potential biomedical applications with more emphasis on natural hydrogels. There is a discussion on various formulations of alginates, chitosan, gelatin, and hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, we discussed the 3D printing techniques available for hydrogels and their advantages and limitations.

Indexed as

3D printingbiomedical applicationshydrogelsnatural polymers

Identifiers

PMID40136897
PMCPMC11942323

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.