ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2025
Immune Dysregulation in HIV and COVID-19 Co-infection: Therapeutic Implications.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- What leads to treatment failure among people living with HIV: first systematic review from the middle east and North Africa.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Immune imbalance markers: key factors in early recognition of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in non-immunocompromised VAP patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCo-infection with HIV and SARS-CoV-2 presents a complex clinical picture. Deciphering the immune response in this population, particularly the role of cytokines underlying immunopathogenesis could elucidates the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.
methodsThis prospective, two-stage study enrolled 75 individuals with HIV diagnosed with COVID-19 (case group) and 25 individuals from the general population infected with SARS-CoV-2 only (control group). COVID-19 diagnosis followed World Health Organization guidelines. Plasma cytokine levels were measured using a cytokine bead array.
resultsThe case group skewed slightly females (61.2% vs. 42.9% female in the control group) an average age of 3 years older (44.13 years vs. 40.86 years). Importantly, all the case group participants had mild complications, while a significant majority (88.1%) in the control group experienced severe complications. The control group displayed a substantially higher IgM titer 963 IU/mL compared to only 39.3 IU/mL in the case group. The control group had significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α compared to the case group.
conclusionThis study suggests a potentially distinct immune response in HIV-positive patients when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Elucidating these differences could lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies for this vulnerable population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.