Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40135690›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2025

Subjective daytime sleepiness, not sleep quality or hypoxia, predicts sleep-dependent memory consolidation in a cohort of older adults.

Christian D Harding, Breanna M Holloway, Pamela N DeYoung, Crystal Kwan, Ina Djonlagic, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Sarah J Banks, Atul Malhotra

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05094271 (Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Important in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease?), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05094271 phase1completednot on this map

Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Important in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease?

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San DiegoRan2021 to 2025Enrolled182ConditionsOSA, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Alzheimer DiseaseArmsSupplemental Oxygen, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Machine, Room Air
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea is associated with worse verbal episodic memory in older females.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025
    Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Christian D HardingDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Breanna M HollowayDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Pamela N DeYoungDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Crystal KwanDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Ina DjonlagicBeth Israel Deaconess Hospitals, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Sonia Ancoli-IsraelDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Sarah J BanksDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Atul MalhotraDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.

Funding

Fellowship on Biological Psychiatry and NeuroscienceT32MH018399 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Pei-an (Betty) Shih · 1986 to 2026
$7.3M
Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Important in the Development of Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG063925 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL · 2020 to 2024
$3.7M
Underlying mechanisms of obesity-induced obstructive sleep apneaR01HL148436 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Atul Malhotra · 2020 to 2026
$3.4M
Sleep Apnea Endophenotypes: One Size Does Not Fit AllR01HL154926 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL · 2021 to 2025
$3.3M
The cardiovascular consequences of sleep apnea plus COPD (Overlap syndrome)R01HL166485 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Atul Malhotra · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
VentNet: A Real-Time Multimodal Data Integration Model for Prediction of Respiratory Failure in Patients with COVID-19R01HL157985 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL, NEMATI, SHAMIM · 2022 to 2025
$2.9M
Developing a Diverse Next Generation of Leaders in Respiratory ScienceT32HL166127 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Laura Elise Crotty Alexander, Atul Malhotra · 2023 to 2026
$1.6M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148436NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL154926NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL157985NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL166485NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL166127NIA NIH HHS R01 AG063925NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018399
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

objectivesAging markedly increases the risk of both Alzheimer's disease and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Memory deficits, an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease, can be reduced in those of middle age with OSA through treatment, with positive-airway pressure being the first-line treatment standard. Here, we use natural variation in the OSA severity of an older-aged cohort to investigate whether hypoxia or sleep quality predicts sleep-dependent memory consolidation (SDMC).

methodsParticipants aged 65-85 years not currently receiving OSA treatment were recruited from the San Diego community via advertisement and referrals from other sleep studies. Participants undertook a computerized neurocognitive battery and overnight polysomnography. SDMC was measured using a word-pair associates task. Two linear regression analyses assessed associations between (1) SDMC and hypoxia metrics and (2) SDMC and sleep quality metrics.

resultsThe study included 67 participants (36 females, 31 males), most of whom presented with moderate or severe OSA. No significant associations were present in the hypoxia model. A negative association between Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and SDMC was the only significant relationship in the sleep-quality model. There was also a mild univariate correlation between Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and a second daytime function measure, the psychomotor vigilance task.

conclusionsObjective measures of OSA pathology including hypoxia and sleep fragmentation were not associated with memory; however, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, a subjective measure of daytime sleepiness, was associated with poorer memory task performance. This highlights the importance of considering subjective perceptions of sleep quality and daytime function in cognitive health outcomes of patients with OSA, particularly in older adults, in whom the myriad comorbidities that contribute to memory deficits may integrate. CLINICAL

trial registrationRegistry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Important in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease?; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05094271; Identifier: NCT05094271. CITATION: Harding CD, Holloway BM, DeYoung PN, et al. Subjective daytime sleepiness, not sleep quality or hypoxia, predicts sleep-dependent memory consolidation in a cohort of older adults.

Indexed as

Disorders of Excessive SomnolenceHypoxiaMemory ConsolidationSleep Apnea, ObstructiveSleep QualityAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleNeuropsychological TestsPolysomnographyAlzheimer’s diseasesleep apneasleep-dependent memory consolidation

Identifiers

PMID40135690
PMCPMC12225258

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.