ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Nonprescription Magnesium Supplement Use and Risk of Heart Failure in Patients With Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating the effectiveness and safety of Xiyanping injection for severe pneumonia: a target trial emulation protocol using real-world data.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Association Between Over-the-Counter Magnesium Supplement Use and Health Outcomes in Veterans with Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Magnesium Balance in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mineral Metabolism, Immunosuppressive Therapies and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoth diabetes and low magnesium-containing food intake may increase the risk of heart failure (HF). However, the effect of nonprescription magnesium supplements on the risk of HF or major adverse cardiac events in patients with diabetes is unknown. METHODS AND
resultsUsing a target-trial-emulation approach, we assembled a national cohort of 94 239 veterans ≥40 years with diabetes, without prior HF or magnesium use, who received ambulatory care in the US veterans-health care system documented by electronic clinic notes between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2020. A natural language processing approach was used to detect self-reported magnesium-supplement use from clinic notes, n=17 619 were identified as users versus n=76 620 as nonusers. Using inverse probability treatment weighting, we constructed a cohort balanced in 88 baseline characteristics between users and nonusers. The primary outcome was incident HF. Secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiac events (myocardial infarction, stroke, HF hospitalization, or death). Hazard ratios (HRs) associated with magnesium-supplement use and outcomes were estimated in the inverse probability treatment weighting weighted cohort using Cox regression. The inverse probability treatment weighting weighted cohort had a mean age of 67.4±10.3 years; 18.4% were Black, and 5.1% were women. The mean duration of magnesium-supplement use was 3.5±3.1 (interquartile range, 1.1-5.1) years. Incident HF occurred in 8.0% of users and 9.7% of nonusers of magnesium supplements (HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.89-0.99]). Magnesium-supplement use was also associated with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiac events (HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.90-0.97]).
conclusionsLong-term nonprescription magnesium supplement use was associated with a lower risk of incident HF and major adverse cardiac events in patients with diabetes. These findings should be replicated in randomized controlled trials.
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Registered trials
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