ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children of the Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease Study: Risk Factors and Impact of Blood Pressure Dynamics.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Increased carotid intima-media thickness in pediatric nephrotic syndrome: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Interpreting subclinical atherosclerosis in children with nephrotic syndrome: beyond between-group differences.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Carotid Atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Prevention and Tailored Clinical Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Dialysis-associated cardiovascular disease risk in children: mechanism and management.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCarotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) may identify early alterations in the vascular phenotype in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS AND
resultsInvestigation of longitudinal changes in cIMT SD scores (SDS) in 670 patients from the 4C Study (Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children With CKD Study), aged 6 to 17 years, with CKD stage 3 to 5 at baseline. The longitudinal trajectory of cIMT SDS over up to 8 years was examined using a longitudinal mixed-effects model. The yearly progression rate in cIMT SDS (β=0.20 [95% CI, 0.13-0.28]) remained positive during the initial 4.5-year follow-up period but slowed down quadratically with increasing observation time (β=-0.02 [95% CI, -0.03 to -0.01]). Risk factors for increased cIMT SDS included time since baseline, younger age, higher height SDS, female sex, elevated diastolic blood pressure, and lower serum albumin, but not estimated glomerular filtration rate. In patients with progressive CKD, higher albuminuria was additionally associated with an increase in cIMT SDS. In patients with stable CKD, serum phosphate and time were the only risk factors identified for elevated cIMT SDS. Annual rates of change in blood pressure were positively correlated with the rate of change in cIMT SDS within the first 4.5 years (for systolic: β=0.42 [95% CI, 0.22-0.62]; for diastolic: β=1.56 [95% CI, 1.01-2.11]).
conclusionsThe results show a significant longitudinal increase in cIMT SDS in children with CKD. Changes in blood pressure are associated with the progression of cIMT SDS, suggesting a relevant impact of blood pressure modulation on cIMT SDS.
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