ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2025
Long-Term Minocycline Treatment Exhibits Enhanced Therapeutic Effects on Ischemic Stroke by Suppressing Inflammatory Phenotype of Microglia Through the EMB/MCT4/STING Pathway.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microglial Immunometabolic Remodeling After Ischemic Stroke: The Interplay Between Mitochondrial Stress and the Ischemic Microenvironment.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Article
- Targeting microglial C1q alleviates blood-brain barrier disruption in the thalamus after cortical infarction.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Article
- Embigin is involved in the regulation of early mouse kidney development.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Plasma GFAP and NLRP3 Associate with Cognitive Impairment After Recent Small Subcortical Infarct via Periventricular White Matter Hyperintensity.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Neurovascular unit remodeling: focusing on glial cells in stroke injury and recovery.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Glucose metabolic reprogramming: mechanisms and therapeutic implications in neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of transforming growth factorβ in neurovascular unit during cerebral small vessel disease.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- miR-21-5p Alleviates Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting M1 Polarization of Microglia via Suppression of STAT3 Signaling.Biomedicines · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNeuroinflammation caused by excessive activation of microglia is a significant cause of poor prognosis in ischemic stroke patients. Minocycline, a microglial cell inhibitor, has neuroprotective effects in stroke, but its optimal treatment duration and specific mechanisms of action remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different minocycline treatment durations on stroke and explore their mechanisms of action.
methodsWe investigated the effects of various durations of minocycline treatment on microglial polarization using cellular and animal models. The mechanisms of long-term minocycline therapy for neuroprotective effects were explored through in vitro and in vivo experiments.
resultsIn stroke models, long-term minocycline treatment showed a stronger inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation and improved neuron viability compared with short-term treatment. Further in vitro and in vivo results indicated that long-term minocycline treatment downregulated microglial glycolysis levels through the EMB/MCT4 axis, promoting the transformation of microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype by inhibiting the activation of the STING pathway, thereby improving post-stroke neuroinflammation.
conclusionLong-term minocycline therapy exerts neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by regulating the EMB/MCT4/STING axis and inhibiting the inflammatory phenotype of microglia through downregulating cellular glycolysis levels. Extending the treatment duration of minocycline appropriately may further improve ischemic stroke outcomes.
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