ReviewJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2025
Flipons enable genomes to learn by intermediating the exchange of energy for information.
Review in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Chromaverse Is Colored by Triplexes Formed Through the Interactions of Noncoding RNAs with HNPRNPU, TP53, AGO, REL Proteins, Intrinsically-Disordered Regions, and Flipons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Control of Gene Expression by Proteins That Bind Many Alternative Nucleic Acid Structures Through the Same Domain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The evolutionary entanglement of flipons with zinc fingers and retroelements has engendered a large family of Z-DNA and G-quadruplex binding proteins.Open biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent findings have confirmed the long-held belief that alternative DNA conformations encoded by genetic elements called flipons have important biological roles. Many of these alternative structures are formed by sequences originally spread throughout the human genome by endogenous retroelements (ERE) that captured 50% of the territory before being disarmed. Only 2.6% of the remaining DNA codes for proteins. Other organisms have instead streamlined their genomes by eliminating invasive retroelements and other repeat elements. The question arises, why retain any ERE at all? A new synthesis suggests that flipons enable genomes to learn and programme the context-specific readout of information by altering the transcripts produced. The exchange of energy for information is mediated through changes in DNA topology. Here I provide a formulation for how genomes learn and describe the underlying p-bit algorithm through which flipons are tuned. The framework suggests new strategies for the therapeutic reprogramming of cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.