Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40133806›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2025

Comprehensive analysis of volatile compounds in hybrid sweetgum population and other Liquidambar species by HS-SPME-GC-MS.

Xiangyi Zhao, Jian Zhao, Shuaizheng Qi, Yingming Fan, Jinfeng Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC plant biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xiangyi ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Jian ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Shuaizheng QiHenan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-Economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China.
Yingming FanState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. fanym1130@bjfu.edu.cn.
Jinfeng ZhangState Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. zjf@bjfu.edu.cn.

Funding

Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project 232102110219National Key R&D Program of China 2023YFD2200602the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2019ZY39the National Natural Science Foundation of China 32271836
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLiquidambar species are rich sources of essential oils, with applications in cosmetics, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals. Traditionally, the industrial utilization of Liquidambar essential oil has focused on extraction from the resin, while the full potential of their leaf-derived essential oils remains underexplored. This study systematically compares the essential oil composition, sensory characteristics, and aroma profiles of leaves from various Liquidambar species, including hybrid sweetgum, using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A precise internal standard method was conducted to identify progenies exhibiting heterosis in volatile content from a hybrid sweetgum population of 110 full-sib progenies.

resultsA total of 44 volatile compounds were identified, with monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, d-limonene) dominating Liquidambar styraciflua, Liquidambar formosana and hybrid sweetgum, while Liquidambar orientalis exhibited a unique d-Camphene-rich profile. Hybrid sweetgum progenies exhibiting heterosis in essential oil content were found, with several progenies significantly exceeding the average level. Sensory analysis, combined with odor activity value (OAV) calculations, revealed species-specific aroma profiles: L. styraciflua and hybrid sweetgum were characterized by citrus/herbaceous notes (high d-limonene OAV = 11.07), whereas L. orientalis exhibited pungent camphoraceous tones (d-camphene OAV = 15.9). Multivariate analyses identified eight key volatile compounds with high variable influence on projection (VIP > 1).

conclusionsThis study highlights the hybrid sweetgum population as a promising genetic resource for high essential oil yield, with seven elite progenies showing industrial potential. The distinct volatile profiles of Liquidambar species, particularly the d-camphene dominance in L. orientalis, underscore genus-wide metabolic diversity.

Indexed as

Oils, VolatileVolatile Organic CompoundsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryOdorantsPlant LeavesSolid Phase MicroextractionOils, VolatileVolatile Organic CompoundsEssential oil compositionHS-SPME-GC–MSInternal standard methodLiquidambarVolatile profiles

Identifiers

PMID40133806
PMCPMC11938624

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.