Insights into γ-irradiation effect on hole structure and conductivity of doped ethylene-propylene-diene rubber with different wheat husk fibers lengths.

Hamdy F M Mohamed, Howayda G Taha, Islam T Zedan, Esam E Abdel-Hady, Mohamed H M Hassanien, Hossam B Alaa

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hamdy F M MohamedPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, P.O. Box 61519, Minia, Egypt. hamdy.farghal@mu.edu.eg.

Howayda G TahaRadiation Safety Department, Nuclear and Radiological Safety Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Egypt.

Islam T ZedanRenewable Energy Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

Esam E Abdel-HadyPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, P.O. Box 61519, Minia, Egypt.

Mohamed H M HassanienBasic Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Nahda University, P.O. Box 62513, New Beni Suef, Egypt.

Hossam B AlaaEl-Minia High Institute of Engineering and Technology, Minia, Egypt. HBAlaa@mhiet.edu.eg.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this paper, three samples of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM)/wheat husk fibers (WHF) with short (SW30), medium (EW30), and long (HW30) lengths of WHF were investigated as a function of γ-irradiation dose up to 300 kGy. The swelling coefficient Q of the toluene, benzene, and chloroform solvents was performed, and the Q reflects the ability of the polymer composites to absorb and retain a solvent within their structure. The conductivity of the examined composites has been computed, and their dielectric characteristics have been calculated. It was found that the dielectric constant exhibited frequency-dependent behavior indicating enhanced charge carrier mobility. The conduction mechanisms in the composites were found to be quantum mechanical tunneling and correlated barrier hopping, depending on the composite and irradiation dose. The γ-irradiation dose dependence of the free volume size, deduced from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, is increasing for the SW30 composite while it decreases for both EW30 and HW30 composites. Increasing the free volume hole size is connected to the degradation effect on the SW30 samples. For EW30 and HW30, there is shrinkage of free volume in the composites due to crosslinking induced by γ-irradiation. Additionally, the nanoscopic properties derived from PAL spectroscopy are correlated with the macroscopic properties of the composites.

Indexed as

AC conductivityEthylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM)Free volumePositron annihilation lifetime (PAL)SwellingWheat husk fibers (WHFs)

Identifiers

PMID40133321

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-92154-x

PMCPMC11937533

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.