Impact of exercise training in a hypobaric/normobaric hypoxic environment on body composition and glycolipid metabolism in individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of hypoxia training on body composition and glycolipid metabolism in excess body weight or living with obese people through meta-analysis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of hypoxia training on body composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism in excess body weight or living with obese people were systematically searched from databases including CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science. The meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 18 and RevMan 5.4 analytic tools. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane evaluation tool, and the level of certainty of evidence was determined by the GRADE framework. Between-study heterogeneity was examined using the Results: A total of 32 RCTs with 1,011 participants were included. A meta-analysis of 25 RCTs was performed (499 men and 480 women, Age: 40.25 ± 15.69, BMI: 30.96 ± 3.65). In terms of body composition, the outcome indexes of body fat ratio (MD is -1.16, 95% CI -1.76 to -0.56, Conclusion: Hypoxic training is essential for reducing body fat ratio in excess body weight or obese people. It is recommended to carry out 45-60 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for ≤8 weeks, ≥4 times a week, in a hypoxia environment of 2,001-2,500 m to lose body mass. The effects of hypoxia training and normoxia training on lipid and glucose metabolism in excess body weight or obese people are the same. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024628550.