ArticleLaryngoscope investigative otolaryngology2025
Feasibility of Round Window Exposure via External Auditory Canal: Classification and Predictive Landmarks.
Article in Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Interaction-aware dexterous robot for minimally invasive transcanal inner ear interventions.Nature communications · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To clarify the feasibility and the anatomical characteristics related to round window exposure via the external auditory canal (EAC) without bony removal. Methods: Surgical videos and radiological data from 50 adult patients who underwent endoscopic tympanoplasty type I were collected. According to surgical videos, round window niche (RWN) exposure was classified as "Certainly," "Possibly," and "None," and round window membrane (RWM) exposure was classified as "Clear visualization," "Incomplete visualization," "Just perceptible" and "Invisible." Basing on CT reconstruction, distances among RWM, RWN, tympanic annulus (TA), width, and orientation of scala tympani (ST) were measured under the Coordinate System of Cochlea, and anatomic features of EAC under the Coordinate System of EAC. Results: 60% of RWNs were "Certainly," 24% "Possibly," and 16% "None" exposed. RWM exposure was 32% "Clear visualization," 22% "Incomplete visualization," 14% "Just perceptible," and 32% "Invisible." Longer distances between RWM and TA (RWM-TA), and the Width of ST in x and z sections were related to RWM exposure (RWM-TA: Spearman- Conclusion: In adults, 54% of RWM could be partially visualized via EAC without bony removal. There are reliable pre-operative predictors for RWM exposure, which are helpful for future inner ear therapy. Level of Evidence: 3.
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