Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40129687›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of population data science2025

UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration (UK LLC): The National Trusted Research Environment for Longitudinal Research.

Andy Boyd, Katharine M Evans, Emma L Turner, Robin Flaig, Jacqui Oakley, Kirsteen C Campbell, Richard Thomas, Stela McLachlan, Matthew Crane, Rebecca Whitehorn and 85 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of population data science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Strategies for ascertaining timing of address changes in administrative data.International journal of population data science · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

95 authors.

Andy BoydUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Katharine M EvansUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Emma L TurnerUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Robin FlaigCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Jacqui OakleyUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Kirsteen C CampbellUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
Richard ThomasUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Stela McLachlanCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Matthew CraneUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Rebecca WhitehornCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Rachel CalkinUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Abigail HillUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Samantha BermanUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
David FordPopulation Data Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
Martin TobinPopulation Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
David PorteousCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Danielle F GomesCentre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, WC1H 0AL, UK.
Maria-Paz GarciaDepartment of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Andrew WongMRC Unit of Lifelong Health & Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
Aida SanchezCentre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, WC1H 0AL, UK.
Chris OrtonPopulation Data Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
Simon ThompsonPopulation Data Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
John GulliverPopulation Health Research Institute, City St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
Kathryn AdamsCentre for Environment, Sustainability and Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
Ellena BadrickBradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
Chiara BatiniPopulation Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
Michaela BenzevalUnderstanding Society, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
Susie BoatmanMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Gerome BreenSocial Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Shannon BristowSocial Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Abigail BrittenMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Luke BryantPopulation Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
Adam ButterworthDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Archie CampbellGeneration Scotland, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Sarah ChaveUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
John DaneshBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK.
Jayati Das-MunshiInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Karen DennisonCentre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, WC1H 0AL, UK.
Emanuele Di AngelantonioBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK.
Thalia C EleySocial Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Helen FisherInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Emla FitzsimonsMillennium Cohort Study, University College London, London, WC1H 0AL, UK.
Alissa GoodmanCentre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, WC1H 0AL, UK.
Michael GreggUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
Anna L GuyattPopulation Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
Anna HansellCentre for Environment, Sustainability and Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
Rebecca HarmstonUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
Andy HeardDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Morag HendersonCentre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, WC1H 0AL, UK.
Rosie HillUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
Szu-Chia HuangUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
Catherine JohnPopulation Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
Frank KeeCentre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
Nathalie KingstonNIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Jack KneeshawUnderstanding Society, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
Rashmi KumarUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
Genevieve LachanceDepartment of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Celestine LockhartSocial Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Hazel Lockhart-JonesPopulation Data Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
Sarah MarkhamUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
Dan MasonBradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
Bernadette McGuinnessCentre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
Maisie McKenzieUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
Amy McMahonBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK.
Chelsea Mika MaloufSocial Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Mark MummeAvon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Charlotte NevilleCentre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
Kate NorthstoneAvon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Zoe OldfieldInstitute for Fiscal Studies, University College London, London, WC1E 7AE, UK.
Dara O'NeillSocial Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1H 0AA, UK.
Manish PareekDepartment of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
John PickavanceBradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
Yasmin RahmanUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
Holly ReillyDepartment of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
Angela ScottCentre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
Deb SmithUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
Andrew SteptoeDepartment of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Claire StevesDepartment of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Cathie SudlowGeneration Scotland, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Gerald SzePopulation Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
Nicholas L TimpsonAvon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Tapiwa TungamiraiHealth Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
Laura VennPopulation Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
Matthew WalkerBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK.
Neil WalkerNIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Nicolas WarehamUnderstanding Society, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
Aidan WatmuffBradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
Tony WebbMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Karen WilliamsUK LLC Public Involvement Programme, UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.
John WrightBradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
Darioush YarandDepartment of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
George B PloubidisCentre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, WC1H 0AL, UK.
John MacleodUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Jonathan Ac SterneUK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
Nishi ChaturvediMRC Unit of Lifelong Health & Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.

Funding

Project-001R01AG017644 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INST OF NEUROLOGY · PI Andrew Steptoe · 2000 to 2026
$56.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG017644Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration (UK LLC) is the national Trusted Research Environment (TRE) for the UK's longitudinal research community, supporting the UK's unparalleled collection of Longitudinal Population Studies (LPS). Initially set up as a COVID-19 research resource, UK LLC is now a generic database for any research for the public good. Objectives: UK LLC supports longitudinal research by providing record linkage and TRE services. Methods: The UK LLC partnership provides a secure analytics environment, a trusted third-party linkage processor and a comprehensive governance framework to minimise risks to participant confidentiality. UK LLC is ISO 27001 certified and accredited by the UK Statistics Authority as a processor under the Digital Economy Act. The active involvement by members of UK LLC's public involvement programme ensures UK LLC is acceptable to LPS participants and the wider public. All UK LPS are eligible for inclusion. Researchers can apply to access the TRE via an approach that fulfils the needs of the LPS, the linked data owners and includes a review by public contributors. Results: Twenty-two LPS have so far joined UK LLC. Where permissions allow, participants are linked to their National Health Service (NHS) England, NHS Wales and place-based records, with work ongoing to link to NHS Scotland and non-health administrative records, including Department for Work and Pensions and His Majesty's (HM) Revenue and Customs. UK LLC Explore allows potential researchers to discover the breadth of data available in the TRE. All applications are listed on UK LLC's publicly accessible Data Access Register. Conclusions: UK LLC enables researchers to interrogate pooled LPS participant data that are systematically linked to diverse records. UK LLC remains open to additional LPS joining the partnership and will increase the breadth of data to support the longitudinal research community and attract increasing numbers of researchers across multiple disciplines, government departments and industry.

Indexed as

Databases, FactualLongitudinal StudiesHumansUnited Kingdomcohort studiesFAIRlongitudinal population studiesrecord linkagetrusted research environmentUK LLC

Identifiers

PMID40129687
PMCPMC11931487

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.