ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2025
Unique temperature change patterns in calves eyes and muzzles: a non-invasive approach using infrared thermography and object detection.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Edge-Deployable Method for Cow-Head Detection and Cross-Camera Association in Visible-Thermal Robotic Dairy Monitoring.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Non-contact detection of post-regurgitation deep inhalation in calves using infrared thermography and deep learning-based nostril segmentation.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- AI-enhanced infrared thermography for reliable detection and spatial mapping of temperature patterns in calf eyes and muzzles.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Automated Cattle Head and Ear Pose Estimation Using Deep Learning for Animal Welfare Research.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
This study investigates the potential of non-invasive, continuous temperature measurement techniques for assessing cattle welfare. We employed advanced object detection algorithms and infrared thermography to accurately extract and continuously measure temperatures of the eyes and muzzles of 11 calves over several months (total, 33 samples). A mobile thermal imaging camera was paired with the Mask R-CNN algorithm (object detection) trained on annotated datasets to detect eye and muzzle regions accurately. Temperature data were processed by outlier rejection, standardization, and low-pass filtering to derive temperature change patterns. Cosine similarity metrics and permutation tests were employed to evaluate the uniqueness of these patterns among the individuals. The average cosine similarity between eye and muzzle temperature changes in the same individual across 33 samples was 0.72, with permutation tests yielding
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