Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40129558›Full record

ArticleSSM - population health2025

Physical and online food outlet availability and its influence on out-of-home dietary behaviours in Great Britain: A repeated cross-sectional study.

Jody C Hoenink, Yuru Huang, Matthew Keeble, Joreintje D Mackenbach, Maria G M de Pinho, Lana Vanderlee, David Hammond, Christine M White, Thomas Burgoine, Jean Adams

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in SSM - population health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jody C HoeninkMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
Yuru HuangMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
Matthew KeebleMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
Joreintje D MackenbachUpstream Team, www.upstreamteam.nl, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands.
Maria G M de PinhoUpstream Team, www.upstreamteam.nl, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands.
Lana VanderleeUniversité Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
David HammondSchool of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Christine M WhiteSchool of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Thomas BurgoineMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
Jean AdamsMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: As online food delivery service (OFDS) platforms gain popularity, understanding their impact on diet alongside physical food outlets is important for addressing suboptimal dietary quality. This study examined the independent and combined associations between physical and online food outlet availability and out-of-home dietary behaviours in 2019 and 2022. We also explored whether associations between physical outlet availability and dietary behaviours are modified by online food outlet availability. Methods: In this repeated cross-sectional analysis, we used British data from the adult International Food Policy Study (IFPS) in 2019 (n = 2912) and 2022 (n = 3544). Postcodes were used to assess neighbourhood food outlet availability using Ordnance Survey data and to determine OFDS availability on three platforms through web scraping. Associations were examined between neighbourhood outlet and OFDS availability with self-reported frequency of physical food outlet use, online food outlet use, and consuming meals prepared out-of-home. Results: In 2019 and 2022, both neighbourhood and OFDS availability were positively associated with all outcome measures. In 2019, after mutual adjustment, both availability measures remained associated with online food outlet use and consuming meals prepared out-of-home. However, in 2022, only OFDS availability was associated with these outcomes. For example, a one standard deviation increase in OFDS availability was associated with a 9% (95%CI 3%-14%) increase in frequency of consuming meals prepared out-of-home after adjusting for neighbourhood outlet availability. OFDS availability also modified associations between neighbourhood outlets and both online food outlet use and out-of-home meal consumption. As OFDS availability increased, the link between neighbourhood outlets and out-of-home meal consumption weakened. Conclusion: Neighbourhood outlet availability may influence out-of-home dietary behaviours, but its impact appears to weaken when OFDS availability is considered. Public health strategies should address the growing influence of OFDS platforms to improve dietary quality.

Indexed as

Digital foodscapeFast foodFast-foodTakeaways

Identifiers

PMID40129558
PMCPMC11932679

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.