ArticleERJ open research2025
Prevalence and determinants of smoke-free homes in 12 European countries: the TackSHS Survey.
Article in ERJ open research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global, regional, and national prevalence of second-hand smoke and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet. Public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Beliefs about thirdhand smoke and voluntary smoking bans in homes and cars: a cross-sectional study in Türkiye, 2023.BMC public health · 2026Article
- European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - tobacco and nicotine containing products, second-hand smoke, alcohol and cancer.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- COmmunities Facilitating incREasing Smoke-free Homes (CO-FRESH): co-developing a toolkit with local stakeholders in Indonesia and Malaysia.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Rise and Shine: The Smoke-free Homes International Network (SHINE).Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Homes are one of the primary locations where people are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in Europe. We describe the prevalence and identify the main determinants of having home-smoking restrictions in 12 European countries. Methods: Cross-sectional survey in 12 European countries conducted in 2017-2018 (TackSHS project). Approximately 1000 participants representing the general population aged ≥15 years of each country were interviewed face to face. Individual- and country-level characteristics were explored through adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) obtained from multilevel Poisson models with random effects. Results: Among 11 734 participants, 70.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 69.4-71.0%) had smoke-free homes and 17.5% (95% CI 16.8-18.2%) had partial home-smoking restrictions in place. Prevalence of smoke-free homes ranged from 44.4% in Greece to 84.5% in England. Having a smoke-free home was significantly inversely associated with current (PR=0.60) or former (PR=0.95) smoking and living in a household with one (PR=0.70) or two or more (PR=0.58) people who smoke. It was also significantly associated with being ≥65 years old (PR=1.05), being female (PR=1.07), having a high educational level (PR=1.09) and living with children (PR=1.09). Having a smoke-free home was associated with living in northern Europe, while partial home-smoking restrictions were more likely among respondents from eastern Europe and countries with lower Conclusions: The prevalence of smoke-free homes in Europe is relatively high, but with large variability across countries. European countries with a lower prevalence of smoke-free homes should implement tailored interventions targeting identified determinants and incorporate the success of other countries.
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