Impact of physician, family and society on the choice of Cesarean-section delivery mode among Lebanese females.

Background: The increasing rate of cesarean section (C-section) deliveries has become a global concern, prompting intervention from governments and healthcare organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), which is actively working to reduce the number of unnecessary C-sections worldwide. This study examines the role of physicians, family, and societal factors on C-section decision-making among Lebanese women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 367 Lebanese women recruited between March and September 2024. The Attitude Toward Birth Selection Method was used to determine factors influencing birth method preference. The scale evaluates eight factors: beliefs and attitudes, sexual and physical attitudes, fear of childbirth, preference of convenience, health and support, sociocultural norms, confidence in the birth practitioners, personal and practical choice, and sources of motivation. Results: Findings suggest that sources of motivation and confidence in birth practitioner were associated with a higher preference for C-section delivery. In contrast, beliefs and attitudes and personal and practical choices were more strongly associated with a preference for vaginal delivery. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant role of physicians, family, and societal influences play in shaping C-section decision-making. These findings serve as a first step for developing awareness campaigns aimed at reducing unnecessary C-sections and supporting women to make informed and health-conscious decisions about childbirth.