ArticleBiomarker research2025
Global, regional and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis from 1990 to 2021, with projections of incidence to 2050: a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.
Article in Biomarker research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of exercise on physical function and pain in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: an exit meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Optimization of the Isolation and Purification of Formononetin fromPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rheumatoid arthritis burden in 129 low- and middle-income countries from 1990 to 2023.iScience · 2026Article
- Global burden and inequalities of rheumatoid arthritis in adults aged 15-49 years from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050: a cross-sectional analysis from Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Exploration of molecular mechanisms responsible for arthritis alleviating attributes of Calliandra haematocephala extracts.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Associations between oral microbiome diversity and rheumatoid arthritis in U.S. adults: NHANES 2009-2012.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Cutaneous Thermography in Arthropathies: Quantitative Imaging, Machine Learning, and Clinical Translation.Journal of imaging · 2026Review
- Efficacy/Effectiveness, Safety and Treatment Persistence of Filgotinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review of Clinical Trials and Real-World Evidence.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of non-rheumatic calcific aortic valve disease from 1990 to 2021, with projections of incidence to 2050: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 and Mendelian randomization analysis.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Kaempferol suppresses fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit to inhibit ferroptosis resistance.Bone & joint research · 2026Article
- Phytochemicals in arthritis management: insight into pharmacodynamic potency with pharmacokinetic profile.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Plasma Proteomics Identifies Thousand-and-One-Amino Acid Kinase 3 as a Potential Biomarker of Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity and a Novel Therapeutic Target.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Association Between the Combined Herbal Medicines and Risk of Dental Diseases in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insight from a Nationwide Database.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Frailty Transition and Risk of New-Onset Arthritis Among Adults Aged 45 Years and Older: A Longitudinal Analysis of CHARLS.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex matters: mechanistic insights into sex-driven patterns of autoimmunity and implications for pharmacotherapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Oral soft tissue manifestations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing antirheumatic therapy: a scoping review.Odontology · 2026Review
- Sleep quality, duration, and multi-trajectories as predictors of rheumatoid arthritis: evidence from the english longitudinal study of ageing.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Influence of Depressive Symptoms on Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Global burden and trends of rheumatoid arthritis attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021 with forecasts to 2050.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo provide insights into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) epidemiological trends, including prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), corresponding average annual percentage change (AAPC), gender disparities, regional variations, age-specific rates, socio-economic correlations, risk factors, and future projections.
methodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. AAPC was calculated by joinpoint regression and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to verify the causal relationship between the smoking factor and RA. The future incidence trend was predicted by the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model.
resultsGlobal age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased significantly while age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) decreased from 1990 to 2021. Regional variations were pronounced, with Andean Latin America reporting the highest burden. Females consistently exhibited higher age-standardized rate (ASR) across all metrics. Age-specific prevalence, incidence, and DALYs rates peaked at different age groups, highlighting complex demographic dynamics. Socio-demographic index (SDI) analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between RA burden and socio-economic development. The two-sample MR analysis confirmed a causal effect between smoking and RA. From 2022 to 2050, the ASIR will increase moderately.
conclusionsThe study underscores the escalating burden of RA globally, emphasizing the need for healthcare providers to be aware of the effects of aging populations and other societal factors on the risk of developing RA, and to develop targeted interventions, including smoking cessation programs, age- and gender-appropriate healthcare, and early diagnosis strategies.
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