ArticleBMC public health2025
Global, regional, and national burden of infective endocarditis from 2010 to 2021 and predictions for the next five years: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiologic shift and future projections of atrial fibrillation and flutter in North Africa and the Middle East region: A comprehensive Global Burden of Disease analysis.Heart rhythm O2 · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Choice of antimicrobial therapy for infective endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci: an international practice survey.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Long-term outcomes of mitral valve surgery in infective endocarditis: a single-centre UK experience.Open heart · 2026Article
- Global quality of care trends for lip and oral cavity cancer: A quality of care index analysis, 1990-2021.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Transesophageal vs. transthoracic echocardiography for infective endocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Burden and Temporal Trends of Osteoarthritis in Germany from 1990 to 2021, with Projections to 2041: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2026Article
- Oral Therapy for Infective Endocarditis: Where Do We Stand?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Temporal trends and geographical variations in pediatric urinary tract infections: a comprehensive analysis using the global burden of disease study 2021.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Infective Endocarditis and Excessive Use of B- Blood Type Due to Surgical Treatment-Is It Only a Local Problem? LODZ-ENDO Results (2015-2025).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Infective Endocarditis Presenting As Meningeal Syndrome in an Intravenous Drug User: A Diagnostic Challenge.Cureus · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of endocarditis, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the GBD 2021 study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Cirrhosis Who Develop Infective Endocarditis.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- The global burden of pediatric infective endocarditis (5-14 years): epidemiological patterns from 1990 to 2021 and projected trajectories.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Global burden of cancer attributable to high BMI (1990-2031): a multidimensional analysis based on GBD and Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo comprehensively evaluate the global, regional, and national burden of infective endocarditis (IE) from 2010 to 2021, and to project future trends.
methodsThis study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. Statistical methods, including joinpoint regression and the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, were employed to analyze the prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of IE, stratified by gender, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI).
resultFrom 2010 to 2021, the global prevalence of IE increased by 40.1%, with a total of 421,667 cases reported in 2021. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) rose from 4.7 per 100,000 to 5.3 per 100,000. Although the number of deaths increased by 23.01% and DALYs rose by 13.26%, both the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and the age-standardized DALYs rate exhibited slight declines. Significant regional disparities in ASPR were observed, with an overall increase correlated with higher SDI levels. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in ASPR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALYs rate during this period was 0.8 (0.6, 1.0), -1.1 (-1.7, -0.5), and -1.3 (-1.9, -0.7), respectively. Notably, predictions from the ARIMA model indicate that the ASPR for men is expected to continue rising over the next five years, while a decline is anticipated for women; however, both genders are projected to experience a decrease in ASDR.
conclusionOver the past decade, the ASPR of IE has been on a gradual increase, while the ASDR and the age-standardized DALY rate have slightly decreased. It is indicated that some progress has been achieved in the global disease management and treatment effectiveness of IE. Based on the increasing prevalence rate and the relatively high mortality rate, the burden of IE globally will still remain a major public health challenge in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.