Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40128715›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2025

The olfactory receptor OR51E2 regulates prostate cancer aggressiveness and modulates STAT3 in prostate cancer cells and in xenograft tumors.

Mikkel Thy Thomsen, Morten Busk, Dalin Zhang, Chun-Lung Chiu, Hongjuan Zhao, Fernando Jose Garcia-Marques, Abel Bermudez, Sharon Pitteri, Michael Borre, James D Brooks and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mikkel Thy ThomsenCore Center for Molecular Morphology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus, Aarhus N C113 8200, Denmark. Mikkel.thomsen@clin.au.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-675X
Morten BuskExperimental Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Dalin ZhangDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Chun-Lung ChiuDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Hongjuan ZhaoDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Fernando Jose Garcia-MarquesCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Abel BermudezCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Sharon PitteriCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Michael BorreDepartment of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
James D BrooksDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jens Randel NyengaardCore Center for Molecular Morphology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus, Aarhus N C113 8200, Denmark.

Funding

Stanford Molecular and Cellular Characterization LaboratoryU01CA196387 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BROOKS, JAMES D. · 2015 to 2020
$5.2M
Identification of serum protein biomarkers by profiling N-glycoproteomes of patient-derived xenografts of neuroendocrine prostate cancerR21CA276896 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BROOKS, JAMES D., PITTERI, SHARON · 2023 to 2024
$390k
NCI NIH HHS R21 CA276896NCI NIH HHS U01 CA196387NIH HHS CA276896Novo Nordisk Fonden NNF19OC0058687
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite advancements in the detection and treatment of prostate cancer, the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the receptor OR51E2, which is commonly upregulated in prostate cancer, in the progression of this disease.

methodsWe investigated the physiological effects of OR51E2 through CRISPR-Cas9-induced monoclonal OR51E2 knockout. We assessed in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity and conducted transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of xenograft tumors derived from these knockout cells. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of differences in OR51E2-expression levels in patients from a TCGA cohort.

resultsOR51E2-knockout cells exhibited increased proliferation, migration, adhesion, anchorage-independent colony formation, and tumor growth rates, resulting in a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Omics analyses revealed several potential pathways associated with significant molecular changes, notably an aberration in the STAT3 pathway linked to IL-6 signaling, highlighting a connection to inflammatory pathways. TCGA cohort analysis revealed that prostate cancer patients with low tumor OR51E2 expression had a worse prognosis and a higher average Gleason grade than those with higher expression levels. Additionally, this analysis supported the putative OR51E2-related modulation of the STAT3 pathway.

conclusionsOR51E2 is regulated throughout prostate cancer progression and actively influences cancer cell physiology affecting cancer aggressiveness. Reduced OR51E2 expression may adversely affect patient outcomes, potentially through alterations in the STAT3 pathway that impact cellular responses to inflammatory signaling.

Indexed as

Prostatic NeoplasmsReceptors, OdorantSTAT3 Transcription FactorAnimalsCell Line, TumorCell MovementCell ProliferationGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGene Knockout TechniquesHumansMaleMiceNeoplasm ProteinsPrognosisSignal TransductionXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysNeoplasm ProteinsOR51E2 protein, humanReceptors, OdorantSTAT3 protein, humanSTAT3 Transcription FactorCancer physiologyCell signalingGPCRProstate cancer progressionProteomicsTranscriptomics

Identifiers

PMID40128715
PMCPMC11934788

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.