Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40126854›Full record

ReviewJournal of imaging informatics in medicine2025

A Study of Why We Need to Reassess Full Reference Image Quality Assessment with Medical Images.

Anna Breger, Ander Biguri, Malena Sabaté Landman, Ian Selby, Nicole Amberg, Elisabeth Brunner, Janek Gröhl, Sepideh Hatamikia, Clemens Karner, Lipeng Ning and 4 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of imaging informatics in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

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  12. ROQUS: a retinal OCT quality and usability score.Biomedical optics express · 2025
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  14. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Anna BregerDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ab2864@cam.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8878-5743
Ander BiguriDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Malena Sabaté LandmanDepartment of Mathematics, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
Ian SelbyDepartment of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Nicole AmbergDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Elisabeth BrunnerCenter of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Janek GröhlDepartment of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Sepideh HatamikiaResearch Center for Clinical AI-Research in Omics and Medical Data Science (CAROM), Department of Medicine, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
Clemens KarnerCenter of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Lipeng NingHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Sören DittmerDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Michael RobertsDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
AIX-COVNET Collaboration
Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Funding

Austrian Science Fund T 1307-N
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Image quality assessment (IQA) is indispensable in clinical practice to ensure high standards, as well as in the development stage of machine learning algorithms that operate on medical images. The popular full reference (FR) IQA measures PSNR and SSIM are known and tested for working successfully in many natural imaging tasks, but discrepancies in medical scenarios have been reported in the literature, highlighting the gap between development and actual clinical application. Such inconsistencies are not surprising, as medical images have very different properties than natural images, and PSNR and SSIM have neither been targeted nor properly tested for medical images. This may cause unforeseen problems in clinical applications due to wrong judgement of novel methods. This paper provides a structured and comprehensive overview of examples where PSNR and SSIM prove to be unsuitable for the assessment of novel algorithms using different kinds of medical images, including real-world MRI, CT, OCT, X-Ray, digital pathology and photoacoustic imaging data. Therefore, improvement is urgently needed in particular in this era of AI to increase reliability and explainability in machine learning for medical imaging and beyond. Lastly, we will provide ideas for future research as well as suggest guidelines for the usage of FR-IQA measures applied to medical images.

Indexed as

Diagnostic ImagingImage Processing, Computer-AssistedAlgorithmsHumansMachine LearningReproducibility of ResultsImage qualityPeak signal-to-noise ratioPitfallsQuality measuresStructural similarity index

Identifiers

PMID40126854
PMCPMC12701204

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.