Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40126793›Full record

SynthesisCanadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie2025

Prolonged opioid use after surgery in children, adolescents, and young adults: a systematic review.

Naiyi Sun, Apala Roy Chowdhury, Anni Wu, Marina Englesakis, Brittany N Rosenbloom, Benjamin E Steinberg, Jennifer N Stinson, Kazuyoshi Aoyama

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Postoperative pain management in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Naiyi SunDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. naiyi.sun@sickkids.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-5982-6988
Apala Roy ChowdhuryDepartment of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Anni WuDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Marina EnglesakisLibrary and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Brittany N RosenbloomToronto Academic Pain Medicine Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Benjamin E SteinbergDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jennifer N StinsonLawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Kazuyoshi AoyamaDepartment of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

Hospital for Sick Children Perioperative Service Facilitator Grant
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeBoth adult and pediatric studies have shown that patients who receive opioid analgesics for acute postsurgical pain can develop prolonged opioid use after surgery (POUS). We performed a systematic review to synthesize the rates of POUS in children, adolescents, and young adults from existing literature, and to identify associated risk factors.

methodsWe searched the databases of MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL to identify studies examining the rate of POUS in pediatric and young adult participants. Studies were included if they 1) were prospective or retrospective observational studies investigating the rate of prolonged postoperative opioid use, 2) included patients undergoing any type of surgical procedures, and 3) included pediatric or young adult participants. We assessed the risk of bias in included studies using an adapted version of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network checklist for cohort studies. Using a best-evidence synthesis, we assessed risk factors based on criteria including the number of studies investigating it, the quality of studies, and the consistency of the association.

resultsIn this systematic review of 17 studies including 1,576,515 participants, the estimated median reported rate of POUS in children, adolescents, and young adults was 4.5%. Older age, female sex, history of chronic pain, and preoperative opioid use were patient-level risk factors associated with development of POUS.

conclusionWe identified four patient-level predictors of POUS in this systematic review. Clinicians should attempt to identify patients with risk factors preoperatively and devise strategies to mitigate the risk for development of POUS. STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO ( CRD42022295977 ); first submitted 6 December 2021.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidPostoperative PainAdolescentAge FactorsChildFemaleHumansMaleRisk FactorsSex FactorsTime FactorsYoung AdultAnalgesics, Opioidchildrenopioids analgesicspostsurgeryprolonged useyoung adults

Identifiers

PMID40126793

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.