Trial reportCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2025
Biomarkers of Nicotine and Tobacco Carcinogen Exposure in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Black Adults Receiving a Brief Smoking Reduction Intervention.
Trial report in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- No Smoker Left Behind: Evaluation of a Population-Based, Opt-Out Smoking Cessation Program for Patients With Cancer Who Smoke.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRetrospective reporting of cigarette use can affect the accuracy of outcomes in tobacco treatment trials. The inclusion of objective measures of smoking, such as biomarkers of nicotine and tobacco exposure, is recommended. Most trials examining biomarkers after a behavioral intervention have included predominantly White adults enrolled in cessation, versus reduction, trials. The current study examined biomarkers of nicotine and tobacco exposure within a harm reduction trial in Black adults who smoke (AWS).
methodsNontreatment-seeking socioeconomically disadvantaged Black AWS (N = 65) were randomized to a treatment-as-usual control or enhanced care single-session intervention aimed to reduce their smoking. Biospecimens were collected at baseline and 1 month after treatment to measure objective markers of nicotine and smoke exposure, including expired carbon monoxide, urinary metabolites of nicotine (cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine), and urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol.
resultsThose in the enhanced care condition self-reported a significant reduction in smoking at follow-up (P < 0.01), but there were no concomitant decreases across biomarkers (all P values > 0.05). Exploratory analyses in participants who reported at least 50% smoking reductions or reduced daily cigarette intake by at least three cigarettes at follow-up compared with baseline revealed nonsignificant changes across all biomarkers (all P values > 0.05).
conclusionsSelf-reported smoking reductions were not biochemically verified across measures. It is possible that compensatory behaviors when reducing smoking (e.g., deeper inhalations) or underreporting of smoking contributed to this discrepancy. IMPACT: Partial smoking reduction does not seem to reduce biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and may not be an effective strategy to narrow tobacco-related health disparities in Black AWS.
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