Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40126039›Full record

ArticleJournal of fish diseases2025

Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Flavobacterium branchiophilum Isolated From Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Slovenia.

Katarina Pavlin, Bojan Papić, Irena Zdovc, Tanja Knific, Igor Gruntar, Rosvita Sitar, Diana Žele Vengušt, Marija Seničar, Matjaž Ocepek, Tanja Švara

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of fish diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Katarina PavlinInstitute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0644-0602
Bojan PapićInstitute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Irena ZdovcInstitute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Tanja KnificInstitute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Igor GruntarInstitute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Rosvita SitarNational Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Diana Žele VenguštNational Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Marija SeničarNational Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Matjaž OcepekInstitute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Tanja ŠvaraInstitute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Funding

Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Flavobacterium branchiophilum are important fish pathogens that cause considerable economic losses in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. Their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles were evaluated using the latest Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method, which was adjusted for F. branchiophilum to achieve growth, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 51 F. psychrophilum isolates and eight F. branchiophilum isolates from Slovenian farmed rainbow trout underwent phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Overall, 86.3% of F. psychrophilum isolates were classified as non-wild-type (NWT) for oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin, and 90.2% of isolates were NWT for oxolinic acid. In contrast, all isolates tested were classified as wild-type (WT) for florfenicol and erythromycin. It was not possible to classify F. branchiophilum isolates as WT or NWT for the antimicrobials tested. A subset of F. psychrophilum (n = 7) and F. branchiophilum (n = 2) isolates was further characterised using WGS to investigate the mechanisms mediating antimicrobial resistance. In F. psychrophilum, the T83A or T83V substitution in GyrA was associated with reduced susceptibility to oxolinic acid. No other AMR genes or AMR-associated mutations were detected.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsDrug Resistance, BacterialFish DiseasesFlavobacteriaceae InfectionsFlavobacteriumOncorhynchus mykissAnimalsGenotypeMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPhenotypeSloveniaWhole Genome SequencingAnti-Bacterial AgentsAMR profileFlavobacterium branchiophilumFlavobacterium psychrophilumminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)whole‐genome sequencing (WGS)

Identifiers

PMID40126039
PMCPMC12152302

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.