ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
Applications of mRNA Delivery in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Timing-Dependent Immunostimulatory Activity of Human IFN-β mRNA in Primary Human Myeloid Cells.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Next-generation CAR-NK cell therapy: engineering strategies, translational challenges, and future perspectives in cancer immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Recent advances in lipid nanoparticles for cancer vaccine delivery: Challenges and future perspectives.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Design principles of nanomaterials for cancer immunotherapy: a mechanistic framework across the cancer immunity cycle.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles-enhanced CAR-T cell therapy: current advances and future directions.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Exosome-orchestrated network in gastric cancer: mechanisms, immune regulation, biomarkers and therapeutic vehicles.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Personalized CRISPR knock-in cytokine gene therapy to remodel the tumor microenvironment and enhance CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- mRNA Cancer Vaccines: From Pandemic Paradigm to Personalized Oncology Therapeutics.Cancer innovation · 2025Review
- A Tonic Signaling Code Predicts CAR-T Cell Efficacy in Diffuse Midline Glioma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- CAR-M therapy in the era of tumor immunotherapy: current research progress and engineering strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer treatment is continually advancing, with immunotherapy gaining prominence as a standard modality that has markedly improved the management of various malignancies. Despite these advancements, the efficacy of immunotherapy remains variable, with certain cancers exhibiting limited response and patient outcomes differing considerably. Thus, enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy is imperative. A promising avenue is mRNA delivery, employing carriers such as liposomes, peptide nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and exosomes to introduce mRNA cargos encoding tumor antigens, immune-stimulatory, or immune-modulatory molecules into the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). This method aims to activate the immune system to target and eradicate tumor cells. In this review, we introduce the characteristics and limitations of these carriers and summarize the application and mechanisms of currently prevalent cargos in mRNA-based tumor treatment. Additionally, given the significant clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based cell therapies in solid tumors (including melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer, gastric cancer) and leukemia, which have become first-line treatments, we highlight and discuss recent progress in combining mRNA delivery with ICIs, CAR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-macrophage therapies. This combination enhances the targeting capabilities and efficacy of ICIs and CAR-cell-based therapies, while also mitigating the long-term off-target toxicities associated with conventional methods. Finally, we analyze the limitations of current mRNA delivery systems, such as nuclease-induced mRNA instability, immunogenicity risks, complex carrier production, and knowledge gaps concerning dosing and safety. Addressing these challenges is crucial for unlocking the potential of mRNA in cancer immunotherapy. Overall, exploring mRNA delivery enriches our comprehension of cancer immunotherapy and holds promise for developing personalized and effective treatment strategies, potentially enhancing the immune responses of cancer patients and extending their survival time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.