Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40124971›Full record

ArticleTranslational animal science2025

Heart rate variability responses of horses and veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder to ground-based adaptive horsemanship lessons: a pilot study.

Ellen M Rankins, Boluwatife E Faremi, Kyle Hartmann, Andrea Quinn, Hugo F Posada-Quintero, Kenneth H McKeever, Karyn Malinowski

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Translational animal science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ellen M RankinsDepartment of Animal Sciences, Equine Science Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-0060
Boluwatife E FaremiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Kyle HartmannDepartment of Animal Sciences, Equine Science Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Andrea QuinnCenter for Psychological Services, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Hugo F Posada-QuinteroDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Kenneth H McKeeverDepartment of Animal Sciences, Equine Science Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Karyn MalinowskiDepartment of Animal Sciences, Equine Science Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heart rate variability (HRV) can be measured as an indicator of autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance and thus, stress and affective arousal. Mixed results have been reported in the limited literature addressing the effects of equine-assisted services (EAS) on HRV in the human and horse participants. The aims of the present study were to determine the effects of ground-based adaptive horsemanship (AH) lessons on veterans' and horses' HRV during weekly lessons as well as veterans' resting HRV outside of lessons. Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were randomly assigned to 8 wk of AH or control (CON, no changes in treatments or activities) conditions. Horses were assigned to AH or control (CON, stall in arena) conditions based on previous experience (EAS or recreational riding). Electrocardiogram traces from the veteran and AH and CON horses were recorded during the 30-min lessons. Traces were recorded during resting conditions before (PRE) and after (POST) the 8-wk period from AH and CON veterans and healthy, non-veterans. Heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and low frequency to high frequency ratios (LF/HF) were calculated after identification of peaks with the Pan-Tompkins algorithm and manual correction during 5-min epochs. Data were analyzed with repeated measures, mixed model ANOVAs (SAS v9.4). HR was lowest (

Indexed as

equineequine-assisted servicesheart rateheart rate variabilitypost-traumatic stress disorderveteran

Identifiers

PMID40124971
PMCPMC11926800

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.