ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer-related cognitive decline: a propensity score matched analysis in active chemotherapy patients.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment, part 1: an integrative clinical-mechanistic framework from phenotypes to convergent neurobiological pathways.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Longitudinal trajectories of cancer-related cognitive impairment and influential factors among patients with lung cancer.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Cognitive Impairment in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- ADHD-anchored partitioning of non-small cell lung cancer genetic covariance identifiesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integration of MRI radiomics with immune profiling to predict response to CDK6 inhibitors in high-grade glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- The potential of microbiome modulators to improve quality of life in cancer survivors through gut microbiome-immune interactions.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: We investigated whether 1-year trajectories of cancer-related cognitive decline (CRCD) would be different in patients with chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (chemoICI group) as compared with chemotherapy alone (chemo group). Methods: Participants scheduled with or without ICI were prospectively recruited from three academic hospitals and followed up for 1 year in four sessions. Subjective and objective CRCD were measured by Perceived Cognitive Impairment (PCI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), respectively. Primary endpoints were MoCA and PCI score changes and minimal clinically important difference (MCID), which was defined as threshold for meaningful impairment events. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for group comparison using logistic regression with covariates including age, cancer stage, and baseline cognitive scores. Linear mixed models adjusted for repeated measures. Results: Out of 1557 recruited patients PSM yielded 460 patient pairs (1:1). Mean PCI and MoCA scores of both groups reached MCID at 12-month session in both groups. In chemoICI, MoCA score changes were significantly lower in the 12-month session, and PCI score changes were lower in the 6, 9, and 12-month sessions than chemo (P<0.05). One-year meaningful impairment events risks were 0.44 and 0.56 in chemoICI, significantly higher than that of chemo (0.35 and 0.38, P<0.01). Significant differences were found in mean event-free survival time in patients with and without irAE in chemoICI subgroup analysis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that combining chemotherapy with ICIs may exacerbate CRCD compared to chemotherapy alone. However, reliance on screening tools and self-reported measures limits definitive conclusions. Future studies incorporating comprehensive neuropsychological assessments are warranted. This study underscores the importance of using comprehensive cognitive assessments in future research to better understand the impact of ICIs on cognitive function.
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