ArticleThe Analysis of verbal behavior2024
The Tact is Being Emitted by the Child: Replicating and Extending Parity Research with English-Speaking, Typically Developing Children.
Article in The Analysis of verbal behavior, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Relations between Verbal Self-Stimulation, Stimulus Modality, and Accuracy in an Operant Task.The Analysis of verbal behavior · 2024Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Parity is one source of automatic reinforcement that increases the probability of verbal behavior that conforms to models provided by the verbal community. Parity as a conditioned reinforcer could explain the acquisition of grammar in the absence of direct, explicit reinforcement. This possibility has been explored in previous research on children's use of tacts with passive-voice autoclitic frames. In this study, we assessed the effects of modeling on the emission of passive-voice autoclitic frames using a pre- and post-test design with multiple training and testing phases. Thirteen children, aged 3 to 5 years, participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either a control, model-only, or model-plus-vocal-imitation group. None of the participants in the control group emitted tacts with passive-voice autoclitic frames. Eighty percent of the participants in the model-only and model-plus-vocal-imitation groups emitted passive-voice autoclitic frames, but the degree of change varied across participants. We measured whether participants attempted to echo the experimenter's passive-voice model in training, and participants in the model-only condition were much more likely to echo the model than participants in the model-plus-vocal-imitation group; nevertheless, participants in the model-plus-vocal-imitation group emitted more tacts with passive-voice autoclitic frames during testing phases. We discuss the results and mechanisms, including parity, which may account for these differences.
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