ArticleStroke2025
Multimodal Associations of Modifiable Risk Factors on White Matter Injury: The SOL-INCA-MRI Study (HCHS/SOL).
Article in Stroke, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cerebral amyloid associated with global cognition is differentially moderated by pulse pressure across education levels in The 90+ Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Associations of Midlife Vascular Risk Factors With Late-Life Depressive Symptoms: Findings From the ARIC Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Interpretable machine learning for cognitive impairment assessment: integration of clinical and radiomic white matter hyperintensities features.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- An integrated lifestyle-, genetic- and metabolomics-based prediction model for mild cognitive aging in the HCHS/SOL.NPJ dementia · 2026Article
- Ultra-processed food intake, cognitive function, and dementia risk: A cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Australian adults.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundModifiable risk factors play a central role in the development and course of neurodegenerative disorders of later life, including dementias. Although past research has focused on independent associations of modifiable risk factors, including cardiovascular disease risk factors using Framingham cardiovascular risk score, physical activity, dietary quality, body mass index, and sleep, on neurodegeneration, the impact of all 5 factors simultaneously in a multimodal model has not been studied. We examined independent associations and an overall combined model with 5 modifiable risk factors with white matter injury, a recognized risk factor for dementia, ≈10 years later in a diverse Hispanic/Latino population.
methodsParticipants were from the HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) Investigation of Nerocognitive Aging-Magnetic Resonance Imaging longitudinal study (n=2667; clinical visit 1 mean age, 52.01 [8.90] years). We conducted path and mediation analyses across 5 modifiable risk factors obtained at clinical visit 1 (2008-2011) and 2 measures of white matter injury (free water and white matter hyperintensity volume) obtained at the magnetic resonance imaging visit (2018-2022; mean age, 62.37 [9.23] years). We controlled for age at the time of the dependent variable, sex, education, Hispanic/Latino heritage, overall cognitive status, and b-value when free water was included.
resultsWe observed 11 significant independent associations across modifiable risk factors and white matter injury measures. The association of Framingham cardiovascular risk score to white matter hyperintensity volume was mediated by free water (indirect mediation: β=2.473; SE=0.207;
conclusionsOur findings identified how modifiable risk factors synergistically influence future white matter injury in Hispanic/Latino populations. Such multimodal models may lead to the development of novel and personalized lifestyle clinical interventions for adults at risk for dementia due to elevated white matter hyperintensity volume.
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