Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40122912›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Nonlinearity of the magnetization characteristic of the magnetic core in calculation of current error and phase displacement values of inductive CTs.

Michał Kaczmarek

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Michał KaczmarekInstitute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland. michal.kaczmarek@p.lodz.pl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper explores the implications of employing a load exhibiting a power factor of 1 to test the transformation accuracy of an inductive current transformer with an apparent power below 5 VA. It offers an explanation of the change in current error and phase displacement correlates with the load power factor. The impact of the load power factor on the secondary winding on the accuracy of inductive CT is investigated in detail. The paper introduces a newly developed method that allows for the calculation of current error and phase displacement values for any power factor with consideration of the nonlinearity of the magnetization characteristic of the magnetic core. To ensure required accuracy of calculations of utmost significance is the potential RMS value modification of the magnetic core excitation voltage, which may further impact the transformation accuracy. Consequently, the operational conditions during the test are modified, and, owing to the nonlinearity of the magnetization characteristic of the magnetic core, the values of current error and phase displacement are also changed-not only due to a different load power factor connected to the secondary winding of the tested inductive current transformer. To maintain consistent operational conditions for a given secondary winding load power factor, the resistance connected to the secondary winding during the accuracy test with the power factor equal to 1 should be corrected. Moreover, the findings of this paper lead to the conclusion that evaluation of the transformation accuracy of inductive current transformer for both secondary winding load power factors is essential to ensure its reliable future operation in real conditions with the required accuracy class.

Indexed as

Accuracy testing requirementsCalculation method of transformation errorsCurrent errorInductive current transformerInfluence of load power factorNonlinearity of magnetic corePhase displacementReal operation conditions

Identifiers

PMID40122912
PMCPMC11930955

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.