ArticleScientific reports2025
Cognitive intelligence routing protocol for disaster management and underwater communication system in underwater acoustic network.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Future communication paradigms, such as 6G networks, emphasize self-sustainability, intelligent networking, and secure, adaptive communication. This research presents an innovative routing framework tailored for Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) and Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs), addressing critical challenges like energy constraints, security vulnerabilities, limited bandwidth, and interference. The proposed system integrates a Multi-Agent System (MAS), blockchain technology, and acoustic communication to enhance security, optimize energy usage, and improve data transmission efficiency. Key features include intelligent node mechanisms, proactive bandwidth and interference management, a multi-hop paradigm, distance-aware longevity strategies, and robust cryptographic protocols. The system is benchmarked against established routing protocols such as GCORP, PER, MARL-MC, and MLAR, demonstrating superior performance. The proposed cognitive intelligence (CI) protocol achieves energy consumption below 120 J per transmission, significantly lower than existing methods. It also achieves end-to-end latency under two seconds in multi-hop scenarios, outperforming alternatives like MARL-MC and GCORP. Additionally, the CI protocol exhibits a packet delivery ratio (PDR) exceeding 90% and an extended network lifetime surpassing 1850 s, making it a robust solution for resource-constrained underwater environments. This work not only addresses the unique demands of underwater networks but also contributes to the vision of self-sustainable and intelligent communication systems, aligning with the broader context of 6G paradigms through energy-efficient routing, cognitive intelligence, and secure, adaptive communication frameworks. The results underscore the effectiveness of the CI protocol in enhancing energy efficiency, reducing latency, and ensuring reliable long-term operation, thereby supporting critical applications like disaster management and environmental monitoring.
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