Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40122592›Full record

ArticleDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2025

'The seagull theory: Where people fly in, gather information… fly out and nothing ever comes about': A qualitative exploration of barriers and enablers to research participation among adults with type 2 diabetes living in Australian rural communities.

Joanne Jordan, Jo-Anne Manski-Nankervis, Meaghan Read, Timothy Skinner, Jane Speight, Elizabeth Holmes-Truscott

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Article in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Joanne JordanSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2625-7985
Jo-Anne Manski-NankervisAustralian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Meaghan ReadAustralian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Timothy SkinnerSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Jane SpeightSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-6896
Elizabeth Holmes-TruscottSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Funding

Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes InnovationAustralian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimRural communities are under-represented in diabetes research, with implications for the generalisability, implementation and reach of research outcomes. Increased efforts to conduct diabetes research in, or inclusive of, rural communities are predicated on effective participant recruitment. This study explores the motivations for, barriers to and enablers of research participation among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Australian rural communities.

methodA phenomenological qualitative study was conducted involving adults (18+ years) living with T2D in rural communities, using multi-modal recruitment approaches and purposeful sampling across Australian states and gender. Audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews explored participants' perceptions of research participation. An abductive coding approach was undertaken to identify salient themes.

resultsTwenty-one participants were recruited across all six Australian states, median (range) age of 63 (41-78) years and 65% were women. Barriers to research participation include diabetes stigma, lack of community awareness of T2D, few research opportunities, geographical distances of rural communities from research sites and individual time and resource constraints. Enablers strongly focused on increased engagement and involvement of rural communities in research and offering education or access to diabetes care as part of research activities. Motivations for research participation included opportunities to help or advocate for rural and T2D communities and highlight under-resourcing of rural healthcare services.

conclusionStudy findings inform practical strategies that may improve recruitment mechanisms for T2D research in rural communities, for example, community-driven recruitment methods. Evaluation of the effectiveness of such strategies in research practice will be needed.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Patient SelectionRural PopulationAdultAgedAustraliaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMotivationQualitative ResearchSocial Stigmaqualitativeresearchruraltype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40122592
PMCPMC12006560

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.