Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40121234›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Enhancing mechanical properties of low plasticity soil through coal and silica fume stabilization.

Muhammad Waleed, Fahad Alshawmar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Muhammad WaleedCivil Engineering Department, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, 44000, Pakistan.
Fahad AlshawmarDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia. shomr@qu.edu.sa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Low-plasticity soils, characterized by low plasticity and high sand content, present challenges in engineering projects due to their inadequate strength and stability. This study evaluates the comparative effects of coal waste and silica fume as stabilizers to improve the mechanical properties of silty soils. Key parameters such as liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plasticity index (PI), maximum dry density (MDD), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and shear strength were assessed through laboratory experiments with varying stabilizer proportions (3-12%). Results showed that silica fume increased the LL of Tarnol soil by 36% and reduced its PI, while coal waste improved the LL of Chaklala soil by 48%, also reducing its PI. Both stabilizers decreased MDD and increased optimum moisture content (OMC). Notably, UCS increased by 77% in Tarnol soil with 12% silica fume and by 83% in Chaklala soil with 12% coal waste after 28 days of curing. Coal waste improved the cohesion of Chaklala soil by a factor of 1.29 and its internal friction angle by 1.04, while silica fume enhanced Tarnol soil cohesion by 1.35 and its internal friction angle by 1.032. These findings demonstrate the potential of coal waste and silica fume as cost-effective, sustainable stabilizers for improving the geotechnical performance of low-plasticity soils. The study contributes valuable insights into using industrial by-products for soil stabilization, offering practical applications for enhancing soil strength and stability in construction and infrastructure projects.

Indexed as

Coal wasteLow plastic soilSilica fumeSoilStabilizationSustainability

Identifiers

PMID40121234
PMCPMC11929790

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.