Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40119850›Full record

ArticleNeuro-oncology2025

Diffusion and contrast-enhancement MRI phenotypes associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure and with immune cell infiltration in brain metastases.

Francesco Sanvito, Gianluca Nocera, Zexi Wang, Eileen Shiuan, Lu Sun, Sonoko Oshima, Asher Kim, Irina Kryukov, Guowen Shao, Nicholas S Cho and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuro-oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Francesco SanvitoDepartment of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3379-9958
Gianluca NoceraUniversità Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
Zexi WangDepartment of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Eileen ShiuanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Lu SunDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Sonoko OshimaDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-1453-3807
Asher KimDepartment of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Irina KryukovDepartment of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Guowen ShaoDepartment of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Nicholas S ChoMedical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8686-0575
Noriko SalamonDepartment of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3520-9467
Benjamin M EllingsonDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Robert PrinsDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Won KimDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3423-3825
Jingwen YaoDepartment of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Funding

UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM008042 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI AJIJOLA, OLUJIMI A, DAWSON, DAVID WAYNE · 1985 to 2023
$29.9M
UCLA SPORE in Brain CancerP50CA211015 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Yvonne Yu-Hsuan Chen · 2017 to 2026
$25.2M
UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM152342 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Olujimi A Ajijola, David Wayne Dawson · 2024 to 2026
$5.3M
Advanced Dual-Nuclei MRI for Differentiation of Recurrent Brain Metastases and Radiation NecrosisR21CA303383 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI KIM, WON, YAO, JINGWEN · 2025 to 2025
$382k
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA211015NCI NIH HHS R21 CA303383NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008042NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM152342
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMRI-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and contrast-enhancement (CE) may represent noninvasive biomarkers to evaluate microstructural tissue changes and histopathological immune cell infiltration induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

methodsOne hundred and twenty-five lesions across 93 patients were analyzed. ADC (reflecting water diffusivity) and CE T1-subtraction maps (reflecting blood-brain barrier permeability) tumor values were used for bivariate histograms of ADC and CE, and to quantify voxel fractions belonging to highADC-highCE and lowADC-lowCE quadrants. The association between ICI exposure and voxel frequency in ADC-CE quadrants was evaluated with multivariate mixed-effects models accounting for corticosteroid exposure and other variables. In a subset of patients (n = 23), the association between immune cell counts (CD45 + cell density) from tissue samples and ADC-CE phenotypes was tested.

resultsICI and corticosteroid exposure were associated with distinct ADC-CE phenotypes on bivariate histograms. ICI-exposed lesions showed significantly higher voxel frequency in the highADC-highCE quadrant (P < .001) and lower voxel frequency in the lowADC-lowCE quadrant (P < .01), compared to ICI-naïve lesions. Multivariate analyses confirmed that ICI exposure was an independent determinant of higher voxel frequency in the highADC-highCE quadrant (P = .001) and lower voxel frequency in the lowADC-lowCE quadrant (P = .01) in the absence of corticosteroid treatment. Corticosteroid usage significantly influenced the relationship between ADC-CE phenotypes and ICI exposure. Voxel frequency in ADC-CE quadrants was correlated with CD45 + cell density in histopathology (partial ρ = 0.56 P = .01 for highADC-highCE, partial ρ = -0.64 P < .01 for lowADC-lowCE).

conclusionsADC-CE phenotypes are associated with ICI exposure and immune cell infiltration in BM, representing potential noninvasive markers to monitor ICI-induced pathophysiological changes.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsContrast MediaDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsMagnetic Resonance ImagingAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypePrognosisRetrospective StudiesContrast MediaImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorsbrain metastasisdiffusion imagingimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapymagnetic resonance imaging

Identifiers

PMID40119850
PMCPMC12448849

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.