Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40119820›Full record

Observational studyJournal of foot and ankle research2025

The association of sarcopenia and frailty in diabetes-related foot disease: A 3-year prospective evaluation.

Kay Yee Hon, Madeleine Bain, Suzanne Edwards, Guilherme Pena, Neil McMillan, Robert Fitridge

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kay Yee HonDiscipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-776X
Madeleine BainDepartment of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Suzanne EdwardsSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Guilherme PenaDiscipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Neil McMillanDiscipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Robert FitridgeDiscipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo prospectively evaluate the association of various markers of sarcopenia and frailty with clinical outcomes in diabetes-related foot disease (DRFD), namely wound healing, amputation-free survival, and death over 3 years.

methodsThis was an observational study of patients with DRFD at a quaternary multidisciplinary diabetic foot service. Initial assessment includes classification of DRFDs using WIfI classification, assessment of frailty using the FRAIL scale, and measurement of handgrip strength (HGS) using a dynamometer. Muscle mass was ascertained by measuring the psoas muscle area at the level of L3 vertebrae on computed tomography. Patients were followed up for 3 years and primary outcomes were wound healing, amputation-free survival, and death.

resultsOne hundred patients with a median age of 71 were included in the analysis. The majority of the patients were male (75%). Forty-seven percent of patients were considered as frail, with 37 patients recorded to have low HGS. Patients with high HGS had significantly higher odds of wound healing by 3.83 times when compared to those with low HGS (odds ratio = 3.83. 95% CI 1.35-10.92). Patients with low psoas muscle index (PMI) and low HGS were observed to have a higher risk of death based on the following hazard ratios: HGS (high vs. low), HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.22-0.997; PMI (low vs. high), HR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.17-3.96.

conclusionThere was a significant prevalence of frailty and reduced HGS among our patients with DRFD. Low HGS was associated with poor wound healing and increased mortality in patients with DRFD. Additionally, low muscle mass was associated with increased mortality in this population. This research highlights the need for more precise tests and future studies of the links between sarcopenia, frailty, and outcomes in DRFD.

Indexed as

Diabetic FootFrailtySarcopeniaAgedAged, 80 and overAmputation, SurgicalFemaleHand StrengthHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesPsoas MusclesWound Healingdiabetes‐related foot diseasefrailtyhandgrip strengthsarcopeniawound healing

Identifiers

PMID40119820
PMCPMC11929139

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.