ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2025
Risk of Hospital Presentation with Hypoglycemia Among Users of Beta-blockers with Diabetes: Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBeta-adrenergic antagonists ("beta-blockers") have metabolic effects that influence risk of hypoglycemia in persons with diabetes. This risk may be elevated upon initial exposure and may vary among agents in the class.
objectiveTo explore differences in the risk of hypoglycemia among new and prevalent users of individual beta-blockers in people with diabetes.
designPopulation-based nested case-control study. Cases of hypoglycemia, defined using emergency department or hospital admitting diagnosis, were matched with up to ten controls on age, sex, diabetes duration, and at least one prescription record for a beta-blocker in the 365 days preceding the hypoglycemic event or the equivalent date for controls (index date). Beta-blocker exposure was categorized as new, prevalent, recent, and remote use based on a pre-index 90-day (primary) and 30-day (secondary) exposure ascertainment period.
participantsPersons aged 66 years or older with diabetes in Ontario, Canada. MAIN MEASURES: Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the association between initiation of a beta-blocker and the risk of hypoglycemia. KEY
resultsWe identified 26,545 cases and 265,450 matched controls. The median age of patients was 78 years, 50% were female, and their median time since diabetes diagnosis of 11 years. Compared with prevalent use of beta-blockers, new use was associated with an increased odds of hypoglycemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75-1.99). In contrast, neither recent use (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 0.98-1.08) nor remote use (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77-0.87) was associated with an increased odds of hypoglycemia. Among individual agents, nonselective beta-blockers had the highest risk of hypoglycemia associated with new use.
conclusionsIn older patients with diabetes, the initiation of beta-blockers is associated with a near-doubling of the odds of a hospital encounter for hypoglycemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.