Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40117375›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Eliminating nonuniform geometric effects for long-term stable electrochemical extraction of high-purity titanium.

Zhiyuan Li, Shuqiang Jiao, Jun Zhu, Shijie Li, Zhaoliang Qu, Xiaodong Chen, Qi Wang, Shanyan Huang, Hao-Sen Chen, Wei-Li Song and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Zhiyuan LiInstitute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.ORCID 0009-0004-0397-4086
Shuqiang JiaoInstitute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.ORCID 0000-0001-9600-752X
Jun ZhuState Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal. Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.
Shijie LiState Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
Zhaoliang QuInstitute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.ORCID 0000-0002-8789-294X
Xiaodong ChenState Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal. Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China.ORCID 0009-0007-9248-3941
Qi WangSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.ORCID 0000-0001-9374-4903
Shanyan HuangInstitute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
Hao-Sen ChenInstitute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
Wei-Li SongInstitute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.ORCID 0000-0002-4328-8919
Yingjun LiuDepartment of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB30FS, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5537-0058
Dongbai SunSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.ORCID 0000-0003-2620-8160
Hongmin ZhuTohoku University, 6-6-02, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aobo-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-9747-4533
Daining FangInstitute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrorefining of low-grade titanium is one of the strategies for achieving high-purity titanium. However, the presence of nonuniform geometric effects would be induced to impact the nonuniform geometric distribution of overpotential, leading to impurity dissolution and nonuniform Ti deposition. Here, in situ high-temperature characterizations on the molten salt electrorefining process are applied to establish an anodic dissolution principle for quantitatively evaluating nonuniform geometric effects of electrode. For eliminating the nonuniform geometric effects, coaxial anode-cathode configurations are designed to promote the nonuniform anodic dissolution and nonuniform cathodic deposition. Consequently, the geometric uniformity of titanium products on the cathodes is substantially enhanced, and thus, long-term stable electrorefining process (~12 hours, ~330% increment compared to the electrode of reference configuration) and highly purified titanium products (99.2%) are achieved.

Identifiers

PMID40117375
PMCPMC11927662

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.