ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2025
Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 as a potential biomarker for obstructive sleep apnea severity.
Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond the Apnea-Hypopnea Index: Circulating Biomarkers and Device-Based Metrics for Cardiometabolic Risk Stratification in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Inflammation and the Formation of Exhaled Volatile Organic Compound Profiles in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- Integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals diagnostic biomarkers for comorbidity of coronary artery disease and obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe aimed to investigate the associations between serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 levels and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity with a focus on nocturnal hypoxemia.
methodsThe OSA patients (n = 105) were recruited from a prospective sleep apnea cohort after polysomnography, with 27 healthy volunteers as the controls. OSA severity was assessed via the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and percent night time with SpO
resultsThe serum MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in the OSA patients (AHI ≥ 5/h, 68.8 ± 44.9 ng/mL) than the controls (49.0 ± 18.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001). The MMP-2 levels showed no significant differences. When grouped into T90 quartiles, the MMP-9 levels were higher in the OSA patients in the highest quartile compared to those in the lowest quartile or the controls (90.6 ± 56.3 ng/mL vs. 56.9 ± 31.9 ng/mL, p = 0.022; 90.6 ± 56.3 ng/mL vs. 49.0 ± 18.6 ng/mL, p = 0.002, respectively). The MMP-9 levels correlated with T90 and the AHI (r = 0.36, p < 0.001; r = 0.35, p < 0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression confirmed a significant association between MMP-9 and T90 after adjusting for body mass index, smoking status, and comorbidities (β = 0.53, p = 0.013). A similar association was observed for the AHI (β = 0.48, p = 0.019).
conclusionWe concluded that serum MMP-9 levels are independently associated with OSA severity, particularly with T90 and the AHI, which suggests that MMP-9 could be a biomarker for OSA severity.
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